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Unit 15:
Grammar
The passive/ the causative/ direct and indirect objects
The passive
Form noun + be in the correct form + past participle (+ by/with + noun)
Active
Passive
present simple
They grow bananas in
tropical areas.
am/is/are + past participle
Bananas are grown in tropical areas.
present
continuous
They are redecorating
the café.
am/is/are + -ing +past participle
The café is being redecorated.
present perfect
simple
Has anyone peeled the
carrots?
has/have + been + past participle
Have the carrots been peeled?
past simple
They served the meal in
an elegant dining room.
was/were + past participle
The meal was served in an elegant dining room.
past continuous
We asked for coffee
while they were
preparing the bill.
was/were + -ing + past participle
We asked for coffee while the bill was being
prepared.
past perfect
simple
Someone had eaten all
the food by the time I
got there.
has + been + past participle
All the food had been eaten by the time I got
there.
will future
We will deliver your
pizza in forty minutes.
will + have + been + past participle
Your pizza will be delivered in forty minutes.
be going to future
Overweight customers
are going to sue
Burgerland.
is/are going to + be + past participle
Burgerland is going to be sued by overweight
customers.
future perfect
simple
They will have
harvested all the
grapes by the end of
September
will + have + been + past participle
All the grapes will have been harvested by the
end of September.
modal
You should brush the
chicken breast with oil
and then fry it.
modal+be+past participle
The chicken breast should be brushed with oil
and then fried.
modal+perfect
infinitive
They should have
delivered the groceries
by now.
modal+have+been+past participle
The groceries should have been delivered by
now.
- ing (gerund)
I don’t like people
telling me what to do in
the kitchen.
being+past participle
I don’t like being told what to do in the kitchen.
Use
Example
When we don’t know who does/did
something
My groceries have been stolen!
When it’s obvious who does/did something
A boy was arrested in town yesterday for
stealing an apple.