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ALISHER
WRITES 2.0
IELTS
Alisher Abduvohobov
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
TASK 1 ........................................................................ 1
TASK 2 ........................................................................ 1
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The bar chart compares the immigration patterns of people from five
different countries: the UK, New Zealand, India, Vietnam and Italy to
Australia in 1962, 1982 and 2002.
Overall, the percentage of immigrants from the UK, India and Vietnam
followed a similar trajectory: despite growing in 1982, their figures fell
noticeably 20 years later. New Zealand and Italy, on the other hand, exhibited
somewhat different trends, with consistent drops in the proportion of their
immigrating citizens to Australia.
Focusing on the percentage of immigrants whose share witnessed a rise
during the period, Indian people saw the biggest positive change in their
figures. Starting from 3% in 1962, their percentage experienced a fivefold
growth after two decades, a figure which then negligibly decreased to 14%
in the last year shown. Immigrants from the UK and Vietnam shared similar
patterns in their proportion. Going from 10% each, their figures rose to 17%
and 25% respectively in 1982 before staging a comeback to 13% in 2002.
Turning to the immigration patterns with downward trends, the proportion
of Italian immigrants recorded the biggest reduction among the countries
shown. Despite having an initial standing of 40% in 1962, their figures had
halved by 1982, followed by another 5-percentage-point dip to 15% in the
final year. A similar, but less dramatic scenario can be observed in the share
of immigrants from New Zealand. Beginning the period with 7% immigration
rate, their proportion fell by 1% in each 20 years, reaching a low of 5% in
2002.
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The pie charts compare the expenditure patterns of one school in 1981, 1991,
and 2001. Overall, the spending on insurance, furniture & equipment and
teachers’ wages increased over the course of 20 years, while those of other
staff’s
salaries
and
resource
books
followed
an
opposite
trajectory,
experiencing several falls.
Focusing on the spending categories that saw an improvement, insurance
costs recorded the biggest positive change despite being the smallest
expenditure priority. Starting from a mere 2% in 1981, its figures doubled in
every decade, reaching a high of 8% in the last year shown. The amount of
budget spent on furniture & and equipment and teachers’ salaries shared
somewhat different patterns of change. With respective figures of 15% and
40% in the initial year, the share of the former category dipped threefold to
just 5% while that of the latter rose to 50% in 1991. After a decade, they
exhibited switched patterns: whereas furniture and equipment’s expenditure
rate skyrocketed to just under a quarter, teachers’ salaries went down to
45%.
With regard to the spending areas that experienced drops, other employees’
salaries suffered the hugest reduction, nearly halving over the years given.
With an initial standing of 28% in 1981, their wages decreased to 22% after
ten years, a figure which again declined to 15% at the turn of the century.
The school had shortened its financial aid to resource books as well, with
15% of the overall budget devoted to such books in the first year. In spite of
a small growth to 20% in 1991, the school decided to direct only 9% spending
at resource books in the final year.
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The process shows the stages in which tomato ketchup is manufactured.
Overall, the production process requires 13 major steps, with additional two
final
stages
being
related
to
delivery
and
consumption.
It
is
worth
mentioning that this process is mostly manual, requiring little technology
intervention.
Ketchup
making
commences
with
collecting
tomatoes
into
a
basket,
followed by a phase during which they are sorted out to remove low-quality
ones. After that, high-quality potatoes are brought to a factory via trucks,
where they are peeled and freed of unnecessary parts such as stalks, seeds
and skin. The remaining part is then gathered inside the container that
crushes it into liquid, whereby extra additives – sugar, vinegar and sold – are
added while still in the container.
The subsequent stage involves boiling through fire, after which the heated
liquid must be left untouched for 120 minutes. Only after this step is
completed can the liquid be poured into a special bottle. These bottles are
labeled afterwards before they are taken under scrutiny to assess the quality.
Having ensured the validity, ketchup bottles are placed into a box, which is
expected to be taken to a supermarket by another truck. After buying it from
a store, consumers can enjoy their hamburgers and fries with potato
ketchup.
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The maps illustrate how Pebbleton area has changed over the past two
decades now.
Overall, there have been numerous makeovers to the layout of the area in 20
years, with the most occurring in the central spot. A peninsula has been
linked to the coastal part with an additional footbridge. Of particular note
is that new public areas such as a community center, tennis courts,
children's playground have been established along with additional residential
places. The remaining places on the maps have stood largely untouched.
A footbridge has been built in the southern part of Pebbleton in order to
connect the coast to the main urban conurbation, facilitating the commute
line from the former area to the latter. Moreover, a number of social places,
generally unavailable 20 years back, have so far been erected to cater to the
whole public, with a children's playground, tennis courts, community center
providing distinct services to city dwellers there. The playground for children
has been made present at the expense of removing an old fort from the area.
Added to this are residential houses. They were noticeably low in numbers
two decades ago, thereafter which there has been a growth in their
availability, with a film studio being demolished and making room for the
presence of flats in the same location. Houses have doubled in their counts
in the northern coastal side of Pebbleton, found just beside the community
center.
Other areas shown on the maps are subject to little to no change. The list of
such structures features a lighthouse, standing in the north-west of the
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peninsula, a playing field in southward, lighthouse lane as well as school
tucked away in the main coastal part amidst the trees. A roadbridge joined
Old Fort Road has not gone through any notable alteration.
The maps illustrate how the layout of one school has changed since 1985.
Overall, to cater to the needs of growing numbers of students, major
makeovers have taken place within the vicinity of the school, with playing
fields seeing the biggest one. It has been shrunken in size to make way for
the creation of additional sport facilities, while the school has doubled the
number of its classrooms, extending their capacity at the same time. A
library and one smaller car park on the left side of the map have been
eliminated as part of modifications.
The school has decided to shrink the overall size of playing fields to fit more
sport amenities: a pool and fitness center to the left corner of the area. The
classroom block just above the fields has seen an introduction of a building
of the same function, having an extra store in the meantime. Yet another
classrooms along with the small car park based in the opposite direction
have been demolished to create more available space.
Other changes feature the addition of the learning resources center coupled
with the computer room just beside, both of which have supplanted the
previous library. Significantly less obvious alterations have been made to the
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primary car park, which has boasted untouched entrance and exits since
1985. The nearby office has also remained in its original location, staying
close to the main entrance area. A new road has been built to connect the
main car park with playing fields to increase the accessibility of the area.
Lastly, the school has witnessed a growth in the number of students it has,
from 1,500 to a staggering 2,300.
Some people believe that reading stories from a book is better than watching
TV or playing computer games for children. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?
Whether reading books is superior to watching TV and playing online games
has long been a topic of discussion, especially among parents. Some contend
that the former activity is actually better than the latter ones, with which
I agree because spending time on watching TV and playing computer games
is oftentimes a complete waste while reading books can equip children with
knowledge necessary to understand the world and people better.
Stories told through books can shape the awareness of young children about
their surroundings: people, nature, and animals. The tales and legends tend
to feature heroes and heroines who can serve as a role model for children
because of their admirable traits such as humanity, altruism and friendliness.
These aspects can be emulated by young readers and may prove of great
value in real life. Having a deeper sense of the nature by reading books helps
children realize the importance of preserving the environment, taking good
care of the natural beauty. This realization is particularly essential in today’s
world, where a great deal of damage has been caused to the ecosystem.
Stories about animals, whether those be wild or domesticated ones, can pave
the path to understand the integral connection between animals and
humans, ultimately contributing to the overall development of children as
an individual.
As for the consequences of squandering time on TV shows and virtual games,
the immediate one is to the well-being of children who spend too much time
on these activities. Having passed their days engaging in watching TV or
playing online games, teenagers may harm their own eyesight, fracturing
their posture and feeling exhausted and unproductive. These health issues
may exacerbate in the long-run, leading to even more serious medical
problems.
Another
drawback
associated
with
TV
and
computer
entertainment has to do with a child’s social life. Being isolated from the
outside world, children may spare little to no time interacting with their
peers and creating social bonds with other people. This confinement can
prevent youngsters from assimilating social skills – problem-solving and
communication – and may hinder their creativity through limiting their
intellectual capacity to discover a novelty.
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In conclusion, the benefits of reading books far outweigh those of TV shows
and computer games since it has the ability to empower children with
knowledge essential to understand the world better, whereas watching TV
and playing online games does nothing but waste young children’s precious
time and cause heath and social issues.
The pie chart compares the water distribution to six different categories,
while thee accompanying bar chart demonstrates the residential water
treatment in Australia in 2004.
Overall, by far the biggest amount of water resources was allocated to meet
the needs of residential houses, whereas the total opposite was true for
those
of
unspecified
categories.
Other
areas
to
require
water
shared
somewhat similar trends, using more or less the same quantity of water
resources. As for the residential water use, bathrooms and gardens expanded
the same amount; however, kitchens received the least share of water
among other categories.
Starting how water was distributed among different branches of societal
institutions, residential houses topped the chart with just under a two-third
of water being channeled into these areas. This figure was distantly followed
by industrial zones, business entities and residential apartment blocks, with
each comprising about 10%. Governmental organizations took complete
ownership over roughly one-in-twenty proportion of water, while a mere 2%
of water was used by ‘other’ areas in Australia in 2004.
Regarding the residential water usage itself, bathrooms and gardens needed
well over a quarter of water, both of which demanding it around 27%.
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Washing clothes, on the other hand, used a fifth of water, ranking at the
third place. The share of water used for toilets accounted for 15%, and only
10% water resources ended up utilized by kitchens.
The pie charts demonstrate how people in three undefined countries – A, B,
and C – learned English through three methods: taking evening classes, online
learning and studying abroad in 2010 and 2015.
Overall, English learners in all countries given showed great preferences for
acquiring the language by enrolling in evening groups in both years shown
although the interest for this method ceased in the latter year. Of particular
note are the fact that people also greatly used online sources, and that
learners in the C country did not live overseas to learn English in 2010 before
they had resorted to this learning approach after five years, albeit to a
negligible extent.
The citizens of A country made the most of evening English courses, with
70% of them taking such classes in 2010, followed by a 3-percentage-point
drop in their figures after half a decade. A quarter of English learners used
online resources to assimilate this language in the first year, with a further
decrease to 23% in 2015. Living in a foreign country that speaks English
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gained in popularity, with people using this approach seeing their share
doubled, from an initial standing of 5% to a high of 10% in five years’ time.
Regarding the English students in the country B, the reduction in the
percentage of learners signing up for late classes was more dramatic than
that of people in the country A, from an upfront share of a staggering 72%
to under a half (48%). Online classes attracted more people aiming to pick up
English, with a fourfold rise in this category of learners (8% and 32%).
Learners residing in an English-speaking country had see no change in their
proportion, maintaining the same figure in both years – a fifth.
Somewhat similar patterns can be seen in the percentage of English students
in the country C. An astonishing 94% of people were learning English through
evening courses in 2010, a figure that then saw a fall to 82%. Interestingly,
no English learner in this country was living abroad in the first year before
they made their debut with a mere 3% five years later. Online learning
became a favored method to acquire English among people in the C country,
with their share improving from 6% to 15% in 2010 and 2015 respectively.
In many countries, fast food is becoming cheaper and more widely available. Do
the disadvantages of this outweigh the advantages?
Fast-food consumption is enjoying great popularity all over the world thanks
to its affordability and accessibility. On the face of it, the drawbacks
associated with this ongoing trend seem worrying, such as health and ethical
issues, I believe that the possible advantages far outweigh the disadvantages
because fast-food chains are providing both quick and cheap food and job
opportunities at the same time, which is crucial for economic reasons.
Several medical conditions have been linked to the regular consumption of
fast food. One of them is kidney failures, which tend to happen frequently
among fast-food eaters as they mix their meals with soda beverages. These
drinks, indeed, pose serious harm to inner organisms if consumed more than
recommended. Another significant health-related problem that eating fast
food can entail is overweightness. Since this type of food is rich in chemicals
and other unhealthy ingredients, coupled with the resounding fact that they
are eaten along with sodas, people often gain weight afterwards. A good case
in point is the USA fast-food consumers, who suffer from obesity due to the
excessive intake of food items packed with additives.
Whether
or
not
fast-food
restaurants
should
continue
to
offer
their
unhealthy products to the public raises ethical considerations. Not only are
they damaging the well-being of the people visiting their food chains on a
daily basis, but they also should bear the responsibility of compensating for
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their actions, according to those concerned. Given the ever-rising levels of
obesity in many countries, some people have already started to question the
usefulness and relevance of fast food, leading to doubts and worries over
their consumption. Unless the companies provide healthier alternatives or
reduce the chemicals they are adding to their meals, a large number of people
will still be discouraged from eating their food as their primary source of
diet.
Notwithstanding
the
disadvantages,
in
my
opinion,
the
widespread
availability of fast-food restaurants is a change for the better overall. For
one, they are increasing the accessibility of quickly-made food, as the name
suggests, these meals are prepared faster than the majority of food available.
This aspect is especially favorable for those who have a hectic schedule and
do not have adequate time to wait for a meal for hours. In fact, an increasing
number of people, especially in urban areas, have resorted to fast-food in
their daily lives because of its rapid preparedness.
For another, of course, fast-food companies have employed millions of
otherwise-jobless people. Knowing that many countries around the world are
struggling with unemployment, these restaurants and their sponsors have
somehow helped those nations with their national issue. Take my country –
Uzbekistan. Many young people used to have no stable source of income as
they did not have a secure job in the first place. With the emergence of fast-
food companies, however, this problem has been greatly alleviated, and now
those young individuals can stabilize their financial circumstances through
employment. This selling point of fast-food restaurants can overshadow
many demerits related to the phenomenon.
In conclusion, while I recognize the possible consequences of eating fast-food
on a frequent basis, health and ethical issues, I still do not subscribe to the
idea that eating fast-food is a negative turn of events. The companies
offering these quick meals are feeding many people with affordable food and
hiring many previously-unemployed people, improving their life standards
and dealing with joblessness.
Climate change is a big environmental problem that has become critical in last
couple of decades. Some people claim that humans should stop burning fossil
fuels and use only alternative energy resources, such as wind and solar power.
Others say that oil, gas and coal are essential for many industries, and not using
them will lead to economic collapse.
What is your opinion? Support your point of view with relevant examples.
Climate change is indeed one of the biggest environmental crises that
humanity is facing in today’s world. To improve the situation, a group of
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people suggest that there has to be a reduction in dependence on fossil fuels
and increase in the use of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar
power, while some others oppose by saying that fossil fuels are the backbone
of many economies, and therefore their absence in industries may cause
economic crashes. I believe that there should be a gradual move towards
alternative energy providers, and that a sudden transition would be illogical.
Admittedly, excessive usage of fossil fuels is a contributing factor to current
environmental issues, including air pollution. Factories and plants using them
tend to discharge chemical waste into the atmosphere, deteriorating the
overall quality of the biosphere. This global problem has led to some
questioning the use of coal, oil and gas, citing these fossil fuels as the major
culprit behind the ever-increasing levels of pollution. Dealing with such a
pressing issue requires rational solutions, one of them being to utilize
renewable energy sources: wind and solar power generators. Not only do
these resources recover naturally, but they also emit fewer pollutants
compared to the traditional methods of energy generation. The application
of eco-friendly alternatives of energy sources has been successful in many
countries around the world, with my country serving as a notable example.
Citizens in Uzbekistan are required to install solar panels on the roof of their
houses and apartments to harness their own energy, becoming less reliant
on fossil fuels and harming the environment less.
These arguments notwithstanding, some people argue that oil and gas are
essential
elements
of
industrial
zones
to
produce
energy
as
well
as
manufacturing
certain
products
like
metals.
Abandoning
fossil
fuels
completely is thought to cause economic recessions given the number of
factories depending on them. By removing oil, gas and coal and resorting to
alternatives, we may deprive them of their primary source of energy, leaving
them with much financial struggle and despair. Considering that it takes
years, if not decades, to slowly change to renewable energy providers, the
time spent on eliminating fossil fuels can cost a great deal of financial
sources for those involved. With fiscal burdens, companies utilizing the
conventional energy generators may face a staff turnover, which adds to the
overall burden the factories are coping with. Having no employment,
previously-hired workers may find it challenging to find a sustainable job to
cover their basic necessities, for instance food, shelter and clothes. This in
no way justifies the price of getting rid of fossil fuels altogether.
In conclusion, although I realize that we – humans – need to cut our reliance
on fossil fuels to generate energy sources seeing as such generators are
posing serious damage to the environment, I still think that a step-by-step
movement to alternative energy producers is needed as a rapid transition
could collapse the economy of industries and their employees.
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tough set but still did it anyhow
The pie chart compares the important aspects employees are seeking in their
prospective workplaces, while the accompanying bar chart demonstrates an
analysis of the employability of future workers.
Overall, there is a significant difference in the share of essential aspects of
workplaces that would-be workers choose, with educational features being
the most well-liked one whereas the opposite is true for references. A rather
contrasting picture is the case with the personal and professional traits of
workers, with most organized ones selected to the job positions. Innovative
workers, on the other hand, are chosen quite rarely.
Focusing on the survey conducted among job applicants first, 39% of them
cite educational aspects as the main culprit behind their decision of choosing
a job. This figure is closely followed by prospective workers concentrating on
the experience and technical reasons, with respective shares of 26% and 24%.
Lastly, passionate and enthusiast applicants account for 7%, and referenced
employees make up a mere 4%.
Looking at the research conducted on the employability of workers reveals
remarkable disparities. 100,000 organized applicants are admitted to the job,
topping the chart with this significant leadership. Those with adequate
communication skills and motivation to work constitute around 65,000. The
remaining major categories are distributed as follows: qualified employees
are about 60,000, workers with flexibility and degree follow with south of
60,000 – higher than the other aspects: commitment and passion, which are
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comprised of 50,000 workers. Tracking record and innovations are less likely
to bring applicants to their desired role, with those possessing these traits
being chosen 40,000 and 35,000 times.
The bar chart compares the car ownership of families in a European country
from 1971 to 2001. Overall, the percentage of single and two or multiple car
owners
adhered
to
the
similar
pattern
of
change,
with
a
period
of
fluctuations, while that of households with zero automobiles decreased over
time as owning a car became more popular, especially at the end of the
period.
There was a significant disparity in the share of families with one and several
cars. Starting from 25% and 15% respectively in 1971, their figures went on
different trajectories after ten years, with those of single-car owners
decreasing to 32% and those with two or more cars rising to 27%, ultimately
narrowing down a gap. The following decade, however, saw a completely
contrasting trend. While the proportion of families with only one car reached
an all-time high of 45%, the percentage of households with multiple vehicles
dipped to just over a fifth – a difference that became large again. This
discrepancy, finally, was lessened after the ownership of several cars in one
family staged a recovery to 27%, whereas having a single car somehow fell
out of favor, representing a total of 43% households owning an only
automobile in 2001.
With a growth in car ownership in the unknown European country followed
a huge drop in the proportion of families devoid of any vehicle. Initially, a
staggering 47% families had no car, a figure which experienced a 5-
percentage-point fall after a decade before reducing further to just under a
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third in 1991. The proportion of families with no cars shared a similar
standing with those possessing 2 or more cars, at 27% at the turn of the
century.
Large businesses have big budgets for marketing and promotion and, as a result,
people gravitate towards buying their products.
What problems does this cause? What could be done to encourage people to buy
local products?
The success of any company tends to depend on the effectiveness of their
marketing. Giant entities are likely to possess more resources at their
disposal, which can be directed at attracting more customers than their
competitors in the market. This promotion of their products can have both
social and economic implications, and allowing the endorsement of locally-
produced goods through the mass media is a feasible solution to alleviate
the consequences.
The fact that people are easily swayed by the products of large companies
has to do with these businesses’ marketing strategies. They can channel
more financial resources into eye-catching advertisements displayed on TV,
social and printed media, all of which garner the majority of potential
customers. However, not all of these promotions may serve the best
interests of the public, leading to some concerns over social responsibilities
of those big companies. Some people have started to question the moral
content of many advertisements shown by these large businesses, with one
of them being linked to fast-food chains springing up in different corners of
the world. This type of food items not only outcompetes the national cuisine
thanks to their affordability in many cases, but they can also pose health
issues. With that in mind, the adverts of giant manufacturers are brought to
vicious criticism, held socially accountable for their actions.
Apart from this, the economy of relatively smaller national companies can
suffer from the prevalence of international businesses. The former tends to
lack necessary sources to allocate to more attention-grabbing promotions,
which almost guarantees a failure among the competing entities. As they do
not make adequate investments into advertisement campaigns that ensure
the quality of their promotions, their adverts may become rather obsolete in
the shadow of “big bosses”. When most people are not aware of the
availability of their products due to a low rate of endorsement, sales in such
companies naturally decrease, hence a major setback in generating profits.
Local companies struggling with financial aspects of their businesses may
eventually be replaced by global market that exerts its influence through
endless endorsement.
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The sensible solution, however, does exist to reverse the situation. The onus
lies on governments’ shoulders to enable domestic businesses to stage a
recovery in the entire market, by, for example, providing free or low-cost
advertisements.
This
approach
should
encourage
the
locals
to
expose
themselves to a variety of national goods such as their traditional clothes
and food, ultimately contributing to their understanding of the local
businesses. It can be done through the promotions of locally-manufactured
products during prime-time television, on telemarketing and electronic
media, with all of them hosting millions of people who might as well buy the
goods after seeing their advertisements. If successful, this method of
endorsing national produce can be a boon to local economy, eventually
employing
more
people
to
the
sector
and
stabilizing
their
financial
circumstances as well.
In conclusion, while the dominance of large companies in the world of
advertisements can be socially and economically destructive for local
businesses, I think that only by giving platform for the latter side can we
overcome those issues, increasing their role in the market at the same time.
The two maps illustrate the transformation of a town following the
construction of more houses since 1986 until now. Overall, the town has
undergone a significant shift in its focus, transitioning towards more of a
residential area. However, this transformation has come at the expense of
the town’s natural environment – farmland and gardens – along with shops
that were available back in 1986. Notable changes include the creation of a
retirement home and the creation of more roads to make the newly-built
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houses more accessible. A bridge that links the both sides of River Stoke and
a post office have remained untouched for 38 years now.
Looking first of all at the town as of 1986, there were fewer houses for people
to reside in, with all of them being located in the North-East side of the river.
The gardens used to be present eastward, near which stood a primary school
and a large house, which was surrounded by pine trees. The farmlands
covered a significant area of the town, spreading in both South and North.
Shops and a post office were found next to one another, both of which
standing on the opposite side of the primary school. Lastly, there was a
bridge that connected the either side of River Stoke to each other.
By now, however, the town has changed considerably. There are now more
houses, dominating more than a quarter of the landscape. Gardens and
farmlands, on the other hand, have disappeared during the modification,
providing more space for the erection of houses, and this elimination has not
excluded the structure of shops that are no longer present in the town. The
large house has been converted into a retirement home occupying bigger
space. The primary school and post office have stood unaltered although the
former has been extended to some extent. The bridge in the North has
retained its original location despite thew changes.
The pie charts compare the global expenditure patterns along with the
populace of different continents. Overall, while the ‘other’ category is
responsible for the largest share of the world spending, clothing requires the
least amount of money to buy. Food, transport and housing costs also emerge
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as a significant expense around the world. Additionally, the vast majority of
people live in Asia, followed by those residing in Europe, America and Africa,
with the fewest individuals coming from unspecified parts of the globe.
Looking first of all at the expenditure levels of the world population, people
tend to spend 40% of their income on unknown products and services,
whereas they prioritize financial allocations to clothing the least, with a
mere 6% of the spending directed at this category. Next come food costs,
accounting for just under a quarter of people’s earnings, at 24%. The
remaining
18%
and
12%
of
individual’s
money
is
channeled
into
transportation and housing prices respectively.
Turning to the distribution of people in various continents, by far the largest
share of them are Asians, with 57%, a figure that marks a wide disparity
from the other parts of the world. The same proportion of people – 14% - can
be found living in America and Europe, with Africa closely coming behind.
Every 1 out of 10 people in the world lives in this continent; however, just
5% of people come from the other corners of the globe.
The table illustrates the societal and economic success predictors across 4
countries in 1994, reported by United Nations statistics.
Overall, the table shows considerable variations in the national success of
countries, with Canada and Japan taking the lead compared to Peru and
Angola. The indicators of how well a country did were as follows: the yearly
earnings each individual, life longevity rates at birth, regular supply of
calories and literacy levels among adults.
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Focusing first of all on the two countries with a higher level of each indicator
for their growth, Japanese earned an annual salary of $15,760, a slightly
higher figure than their Canadian counterparts with $11,110. A negligible gap
in between persisted in life expectancy, with respective figures of 78 and 76
years of age. The patterns, however, reversed for the consumption of daily
calories each person as Canadians were provided with 3,326 grams of these
nutrients, whereas just under 3,000 grams (2,846 to be exact) were supplied
in Japan. Intriguingly, the adult literacy rate in these countries exhibited the
same figures, at 99%.
Turning to the countries lagging behind in national and economic endeavors,
Peru was more successful than Angola. The disparity between the two
became apparent in annual wages their citizens were paid, with Peru’s people
getting $160 and Angola’s population obtaining $130. Individuals from Peru
were assigned a life expectancy of 51 years from their birth, while this figure
was 47 years of age for an average person in Angola. The former country’s
daily calory intake stood at 1,927 grams for per person, and the latter’s
represented 1,749 grams - twice as low as the dominant country - Canada.
The biggest discrepancy between Peru and Angola was their adult literacy
levels, showing a twofold difference. 68% adults were educated in the first
country, whereas only half of that figure - 34% - was the illustration of
literate adults in Angola.
In some countries, only a few young people go to classical music concerts or
play classical music.
Why? Should young people be encouraged to attend and learn more?
It has been noted lately that a handful of youngsters attend classical music
concerts or just play it in many countries. The reasons behind this reluctance
vary from the widespread popularity of global music to the lack of facilities
to educate young people about their own local music, and I believe that
encouraging them to go to such concerts can help preserve their sense of
patriotism as well as cultural heritage.
The international music industry has obviously affected the locally-produced
work of art in some nations. Take my country – Uzbekistan. Many young
individuals in our nation have cultivated the habit of listening to rock, jazz
and other forms of foreign songs thanks to the massive popularity of such
music across the country. It has become a rare picture to see them playing
national music or partaking in any concerts where local songs are sung. This
lack of willingness, as a result, has led them to distance themselves from the
part of their traditional customs, gravitating more towards a shared
international culture.
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Another contributing factor to this situation in the conversation is the
shortage of sufficient facilities to teach young people about the essence of
national music. Governments seem to be channeling a huge financial
allocation for the betterment of many social branches except the local music
industry. As there is no financial gain in return, authorities would rather pay
heed to the advancement of more important sectors such as healthcare. This
neglect, in turn, has led to people ignoring the importance of classical music
because there is virtually no chance for them to hone skills in playing this
form of music, or attend concerts thanks to the inadequacy of public
amenities.
In my opinion, however, we should incorporate the habit of learning classical
songs into the daily lives of young people. For one, discovering about their
national music can build up a sense of belonging to their nation, hence
helping
them
being
more
patriotic.
When
youngsters
become
an
indispensable part of the concerts or social gatherings where there is
emphasis on national music, they take pride in the fact that they are unique
in certain respect given the environment they are surrounded by. Since music
is one sign of peace and unity, young people can feel solidarity and mutual
connections in their countries.
More than just improving the affection towards one’s nation, classical music
can be a perfect start to maintain traditional values only if practiced
regularly. Knowing that youngsters make up a majority of people in the
nation, involving them in learning and playing national songs is likely to yield
desired outcomes. That is, they acquire the necessary skills quickly and
impart the gained knowledge to one another as rapidly, ultimately ensuring
the long-term survival of such music. When classical songs are kept for
generations to come, the new blood will also make strides in preserving their
cultural heritage by looking after the music it has carried over centuries.
In conclusion, while I cite the prevalence of global music and insufficiency of
facilities to learn classical music as the main culprits behind the growing
reluctance to attend national music concerts, I still think that promoting
the engagement of young people for this type of music can strengthen bonds
in the community and maintain national integrity in the long-run.
Nowadays, it is possible to move ocean creatures from their natural habitat at
sea and have them relocated in amusement parks for the purpose of people’s
recreation. Do you think the advantages of this development outweigh the
disadvantages?
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Relocating marine animals from their natural environment to an artificial
one has been made an attainable objective in recent years. This movement
is made mostly for the sake of visitors' amusement who come to see these
creatures in special man-made places. On the face of it, it seems acceptable
to put this into practice, but I would argue that possible drawbacks
associated with this development are far more significant than valuable
aspects it offers because marine animals' relocation can pose huge threat to
their survival, even driving them to extinction in the worst cases. Therefore,
it should be avoided.
Entertaining people with the demonstration of ocean creatures can offer two
major benefits. The primary one is that it allows researchers to examine the
behavioral and physical patterns of such animals, which would otherwise
prove almost impossible in their natural habitats. Because sea animals are
confined to a relatively small area, carrying out studies on them to find
solutions for any intriguing question about them can be facilitated, allowing
academics to impart necessary knowledge to the public that can benefit
from their investigations. This, as a result, can raise the awareness of
common people about the importance of marine animals to the biodiversity.
Another advantage has to do with the accessibility of observing ocean
species without having to dive into the water bodies and risking one's life.
People can enjoy the popularity of amusement parks that feature marine
creatures in their exhibition, as opposed to experiencing the hassle of visiting
oceans and seas to view the same animals. This safe environment to keep
the record of sea creatures may compel visitors to come back again as people
understand that they face virtually no danger while they are witnessing
marine animals in special parks.
In my opinion, however, the downsides of this ongoing trend are more
worrying. First of all, moving animals living in oceans without their will and
knowledge can disturb their living quality. They are normally forced to
inhabit in superficial environment once they are caught from their local
areas, putting extra strain on their lives. This existential crisis mainly stems
from having to live in settings to which marine animals have never been
adjusted before. Due to restricted mobility and a lack of food sources in
amusement parks, ocean creatures may not even reach their adulthood. This
situation apparently entails their decline in population too.
More than just reducing their numbers, transferring ocean creatures to
human-made places can lead them to go extinct if necessary policies to
protect them are not reinforced. Obvious as it is, species living in water tend
to thrive when the right conditions are available, which include the provision
of their diet and freedom of movement to migrate. Relocating them to
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entertainment parks directly means they are deprived of their actual living
habitats, eventually causing them to die out completely. This disadvantage
alone overshadows any advantages involved because of the disruptions
brought about to the food chain.
In summary, despite the possible merits, I do not favor the current
phenomenon of transferring marine animals to artificial environments
because of the explanations above. Not only are we taking away their local
shelters from their owners, but we may also let them to disappear from the
planet as a consequence. People should not sacrifice animals purely for
entertainment, which can be gained through alternative means of relaxation
such as TV or the internet.
The chart shows the joblessness and immigration patterns of Ireland during
20 years, 1988-2008. Overall, there seems to be a correlation between
unemployment levels and leaving the country. Despite starting at similar
levels, the figures of those having no job and immigrating from their country
fell for the first leg of the period; however, the counts of immigrants rose
during the second part of the timeframe, while that of people without jobs
staged a recovery to its initial standing.
There was a minimal gap in the figures of jobless and immigrant Irish people
at the outset of the period. The unemployment rate started the chart with
17%, of which 55,000 people left their country. These shares simultaneously
maintained a downward trend till the turn of the century when joblessness
levels dipped to a mere 6%, showing a threefold reduction compared to 1988.
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Those who left Ireland made up around 28% individuals, halving since the
start of the period.
The figures in the chart after 2000, however, had changed considerably. The
unemployment levels among Irish people remained largely unchanged, with a
small growth to 8% in 2008. The individuals who were leaving their home
countries constituted 50,000 towards the end of the years given, after
picking up from just under 30,000 in 2000.
The pie charts compare the proportion of electricity generation by five
different fuel sources in France in two separate years, 1990 and 2010.
Overall, the amount of energy harnessed through nuclear power increased
substantially, while that of energy production from other sources such as
coal, oil, hydro power and natural gas followed an opposite pattern of change,
with the last form of energy production seeing the most significant fall in
its share after a two-decade period.
Focusing on the only rise first, nuclear power became the major source of
energy produce within the given timeframe, nearly quadrupling from 17% to
67% from 1990 to 2010.'
Turning to less dramatic reductions in the energy production, oil shrank its
capacity less to generate energy from 22% to 13%, compared to coal that
experienced a bigger downtrend (288% and 13%). A threefold decline was
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observed in the proportion of energy harnessed from hydro power, making up
an initial standing of 6% and dipping to a mere 2% after 20 years.
Lastly, natural gas sources followed the same trajectory as the other three
mentioned above, albeit to a greater extent. The quantity of energy
stemming from this source constituted 28% in 1990, eventually falling to just
2%, marking a staggering 26-percentage-point drop in its energy production
in 2010.
The pie charts compare six different gadgets based on how much they were
used to watch TV among Canadian people in the age range of 18-25 in 2009
and 2019.
Overall, there were considerable disparities among the electronic devices in
terms of their usage to watch TV. While the conventional television, desktop
computers and laptops fell out of favor among people aged 18-25 after ten
years, mobile phones, flat screen TVs and tablets gained in popularity across
the age bracket shown, which used them to watch TV programs.
Focusing on the gadgets that lost their integral role in watching TV,
conventional types of television saw the biggest fall. The figure for this
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device stood at just over a quarter first (34%) before reducing considerably
to a mere 4% in 2019, marking the most significant drop on the chart.
Laptops,
on
the
other
hand,
suffered
the
less
dramatic
disinterest,
representing an 8-percentage-point reduction from an initial 20% to a final
12% in 2009 and a decade later respectively. The smallest decline was
observed in the usage of desktop computers to watch TV, with their upfront
share making up 18% and accounting for an identical 12% as laptops in the
final year.
Turning to the gadgets which enjoyed growing popularity among certain
Canadian people, tablets reported the highest measurements across the
devices shown. Despite starting the chart with the lowest figures first, at
only 5%, their percentages experienced around a fourfold rise to 19% after 10
years. People aged 18-25 in Canada started making the use of flat-screen TVs
considerably more in 2019 compared to the first year, with respective figures
of 27% and 8%. Finally, mobile phones also became a major medium to watch
TV, going from 15% to reaching its high of 26% in 2019.
The best way to make the road transport of goods safer is to ask drivers to take
a driving test each year. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Passing an annual driving test is thought to be the key to ensuring the safety
of goods' transportation. While this suggestion seems to be valid on the face
of it, it would be an oversimplification to claim that it is the most important
measure to increase the safety on the roads. In my opinion, there are various
other methods that contribute more to a better transport circulation such
as widening the existing roads and hiring more experienced drivers.
Taking a yearly test of driving indeed offers several advantages to the road
safety. When drivers are expected to have their skills and expertise assessed
each year, they can identify their weak and strong areas of the field,
eventually learning from trial and error. This, in turn, improves the overall
stability of their knowledge of driving a vehicle that ultimately brings about
safer environment for everyone to move freely on the roads. By contrast, if
drivers do not take the required tests every year, it can be challenging to
acknowledge their potential or preparedness to transport goods over long
distances without causing any harm to anyone.
Despite these, I believe there are other more viable approaches to explore in
order to enhance the free flow of traffic on the roads, one of which is
expending the width and length of our current road networks. This measure
is crucial because most of the traffic congestions and road casualties arise
from inadequate road infrastructure, which make the matter worse. If the
narrow roads are enlarged to allow for flexible movement of vehicles, there
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will be fewer of those fatal accidents and traffic jams. Without erecting
wider roads, on the other hand, it would be almost impossible to ensure the
safety of goods, passengers and drivers.
Another essential solution to make the roads safer places to drive on is to
employ drivers with higher levels of experience in driving. This remedy
involves attracting the experienced drivers, if needed, by paying them
considerably more to rather unskilled ones. The expert drivers are more
careful while acting on the roads, better adapted to challenges, such as
overtaking and dealing with high-speed cars effectively compared to inept
counterparts. The lucrative job they will have with financial incentives could
increase their valuable role in ensuring the safety of roads in part because
they will feel respected for the contribution they have made to the
transportation of goods for many years.
In conclusion, passing driving tests per year is no doubt critical to make the
roads generally danger-free as it evaluates the knowledge and preparedness
of drivers and enable only eligible ones to continue driving. However, I believe
that bigger roads and more experienced drivers would solve the issue of
unsafe roads more efficiently through the reduced traffic congestion and
greater skill set to operate better on the roads.
The picture demonstrates how the Hawaiian islands are located in the middle
of the Pacific Ocean.
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Overall, it is self-evident that this chain is comprised of 6 islands, with
Hawaii which is the largest amongst others and the reverse can be said of
Niihau. Of a particular note is the fact that those islands are situated in a
way that tectonic plates, ranging from the oldest volcanoes to the youngest
ones, can effect them as well as moving 7-9 cm on an annual basis.
The island Hawaii, as the name suggests, is the major land area in this part
of the Pacific Ocean, which consists of the ancient volcano with a 80-million
year background. Solid and dense rock within the Pacific plate lies beneath
the surface, constantly having an approximate direction-shift of 7-9 cm each
year.
Heading towards the northern side, this entire eruption process stems from
a 2883-km depth of the ocean, which then continues with so-called "Hot
spot" spume in a stable state - relatively above the initial point. At the next
level of water, there is this magma spume, found even higher than the "hot
spot", provides corridor to the existence and activeness of the newest
volcano that is seemingly created thanks to the availability of previous
eruptions.
The bar chart compares the proportion of five European countries’ population
falling into the age bracket of 65 and higher in 1985 and 2035.
Overall, it is expected that the share of people aged 65+ in all given countries
will be considerably higher in 2035 than in 1985. Of particular note is that
the people at the age of 65 and over in Wales, England and the UK account
for a relatively greater percentage than their counterparts in Scotland and
Northern Ireland in the first year shown.
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Focusing on the previous counts on the chart first, the population of Wales
made up the majority of those aged 65+, at around 17%, closely followed
behind by senior citizens of the UK and England, with identical figures of
15%. Whereas Scotland had a total of 14% individuals in the age group of 65
and higher, this figure was slightly lower for the elderly in Northern Ireland,
standing at about 12% in 1985.
The predictions suggested for all the five countries’ population rate show
positive changes, with Wales and Scotland experiencing the biggest ones. The
former country should have approximately just over a quarter of 65-year-
olds by the year 2025, while the latter will have gone up from a mere 14% to
25% in terms of the percentage of their elderly citizens. The remaining
countries – Northern Ireland, the UK and England – are forecasted to share
the same level of seniority in 2035, with all of them representing 23% of the
population aged 65 and over.
Westernization has been dominating many branches of our society, with
dressing styles being no exception. People are seen to be wearing Western-
style clothes more than their conventional outfit in many parts of the world.
The reasons behind this phenomenon are the impact of globalization and the
presence of social media that elicit a desire to prefer this new dressing style,
and I believe that this development is a negative one as it gradually causes
the disappearance of cultures and a sense of identity in many nations.
The globalization has had a sweeping effect on many societies’ choice of
clothing, making them increasingly gravitated towards Western styles. This
global phenomenon has touched many aspects of our lives so rapidly that
many of us, intentionally or not, are inclined towards complying with the
new norms, suiting our lifestyles to match those socially-accepted novelties.
With the expansion of the Western market, their clothes have become widely
available and easily accessible to many people, regardless of their social
status. Previously confined only to the rich, the Western attire can now be
afforded by nearly everyone to a level where it is becoming a mainstream
fashion to follow. It is therefore not a rare picture to see many people blindly
following the trend at the expense of abandoning their traditional clothes.
The availability of social media platforms is another culprit behind a growing
tendency to choose Western clothes. An ordinary person with a portable
device connected to the Internet can now expose himself or herself to an
infinite range of clothes, especially those made in foreign countries. This
exposure, in turn, can shape their selection of outfits because those people
often tend to keep the pace with others on social media and not lag behind
by being labeled as “outmoded”. Another way social media is impacting on
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our choice of clothes is that it is now an open market where people can
purchase any outfit of their preference, order it online and boast the new
style on Instagram or Facebook, for example. This encourages others to adopt
the same pattern and repeat the cycle.
In my opinion, however, this development is a negative turn of events overall.
For one, an excessive obsession with Western clothes is bound to fracture
local styles of clothing, ultimately contributing to the latter’s disappearance.
As more and more people are prioritizing the foreign attire, traditional
outfits will fall out of favor and may never be a part of people’s lives. This
situation is exacerbated by the adaptation of Western clothes in public
places, offices and even schools. Constantly seeing others wearing other
forms of clothes and uniform may discourage anyone from remaining loyal
to
their
cultural
clothes,
and
make
them
act
according
to
societal
expectations.
With the extinction of traditional ways of clothing comes a loss of identity.
It is because clothes are an integral part of our societies, and without them,
displaying our uniqueness is almost impossible. Even worse, as the tendency
to opt for Western outfits grows, so does the reluctance to preserve national
customs at the same time, making the local attire inferior to the newly-
introduced clothes. When people share similar interests and preferences to
wear the same European outfit, their sense of belonging to their traditional
styles will eventually vanish, meaning they have nothing to make them stand
out. Losing one’s identity is likely to remove their patriotism as well, which
is obviously undesirable.
In conclusion, while there are contributing factors to the ever-rising
adaptation of Western clothes in many countries, such as globalization and
social media, I still think that this development is rather negative due to its
consequences to cultural differences and a sense of identity.
TASK 1: The line graph compares three European countries based on family
recycling levels from 2005 to 2015.
Overall, the rate of household recycling increased in the UK and Germany,
albeit to vary degrees, while France followed an opposite trend during the
years, showing a long-maintained decrease before rising again at the end of
the period.
Looking first of all at upward trends, the percentage of UK recycling made
up 35% in 2005, while that of Germany constituted 20% in the same year.
Both of these figure then rose significantly over the years, when the UK
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figures ended the period with 60% and Germany’s proportion of household
waste recycling reached about 57% in 2015.
Turning to the remaining figures on the chart, the share of France started
the graph with 50%, after which this figure declined dramatically until it
reached 30% in 2013. This proportion, however, recovered a stage to 40% two
years later.
The bar chart compares the export income of five different products in 2015
and 2016, while the accompanying table shows how those goods’ value
changed in the same years.
Overall, the amount of profit each type of product saw a positive change in
2016 compared to the first year, with the exception of gems and jewellery.
Petroleum and engineered products were responsible for the largest share of
income among the goods a country exported, whereas the textiles made the
least amount of money.
Looking first of all at the export income levels, there were considerable
variations. Petroleum and engineered products topped the chart with the
highest share, with respective figures of $60 and $57 billion in 2015. Their
dominance was more pronounced in the following year, with both of these
products sold at a total cost of around $62 billion. These figures were
distantly followed by the income level of gems and jewellery’s exports, albeit
with the opposite pattern of change. Starting at about $43 billion, the profit
fell to just $41 billion in 2016. Agricultural products, on the other hand,
attained the same amount of money via exports in both years, a little over
$30 billion. Lastly, textiles obtained a quarter billion dollars in exports
initially, before raising the bar to as high as $31 billion a year later.
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As for the percentage change of the products, by far the biggest one was
observed in the share of textiles, with 15.24%. Engineered goods and
petroleum came at a far second and third, with the improvements of 8.5 and
3% respectively. While agricultural products experienced a zero-point-
eighty-one-percentage-point rise, the figures of gems and jewellery dropped
by 5.18%.
The table compares the distance in miles covered by each person on average
every year via different types of travel and transportation in 1985 and 2000.
Overall, there was an upward trend in the length of distance passed in all
categories, with the exception of cycling, walking and taking a bus, which
fell out of favor in the second year. The biggest positive changes were
recorded in the average distance of local-distance buses, taxi and cars, while
the rise was relatively minimal for other modes of transport. Furthermore,
the total distance covered naturally grew, albeit significantly.
Looking first of all at the rising figures, the most significant ones included
the distance of taxis, local-distance buses and cars. The first mode of
transport saw a threefold increase in the length of miles it passed in 15 years,
going from 13 to a staggering 42 miles. The second one, on the other hand,
had more than doubled its distance in miles, starting from 54 to a whooping
124 miles in 1985 and 2000 respectively. Cars topped the chart with the
highest figures, with an initial standing of 3,199 miles, a figure then rose to
4,806 miles 15 years later. Trains and unspecified modes of transport followed
the same trajectory, though to a varying extent. The figures for the former
went up from 239 miles per year and ended with 366, while those for the
latter increased from 450 to 585 in the given years.
Turning to the downward trends, local buses underwent the most substantial
decrease, nearly halving in its figures. The average distance for this transport
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was 429 first, followed by a reduction to 274 in 2000. A less dramatic decline
was seen in the distance walking passed, down from 255 to 237. Bicycles
shared the same scenario, with a drop of 10 miles (51 and 41). All modes of
travel combined gave rise to the total distance, which improved from 4740
to 6475.
The line graph compares how many shops were opened and shut down from
2011 to 2018. Overall, despite starting the chart with the highest figures, the
number of newly-established shops ended the period with lower counts, with
constant fluctuations throughout. The figures of closed shops followed a
somewhat similar trajectory, albeit to a varying extent.
Looking first of all at the first part of the period given, 8,500 shops were set
up in 2011, compared to 6,500 closed counterparts. In the following year, the
figures of opened stores had more than halved to just 4,000, while those of
closed ones saw a less dramatic reduction to 6,000. Both of their figures then
rose noticeably until 2014, when their counts shared a similar stage of around
6,100. The same negative change persisted in the number of closed and
opened stores in the next year, with just 700 shops undergoing closures and
4,000 new ones being launched.
Turning to the second leg of the timeframe, shops’ rate of opening remained
static at 4,000 for the next two years, whereas the number of closed shops
skyrocketed to reach 5,000 only to stay stable for the rest of the period. The
count of opened stores, however, hit the chart low of 3,000 in the final year,
after a period of levelling out.
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The line graph compares how many shops were opened and shut down from
2011 to 2018. Overall, despite starting the chart with the highest figures, the
number of newly-established shops ended the period with lower counts, with
constant fluctuations throughout. The figures of closed shops followed a
somewhat similar trajectory, albeit to a varying extent.
Looking first of all at the first part of the period given, 8,500 shops were set
up in 2011, compared to 6,500 closed counterparts. In the following year, the
figures of opened stores had more than halved to just 4,000, while those of
closed ones saw a less dramatic reduction to 6,000. Both of their figures then
rose noticeably until 2014, when their counts shared a similar stage of around
6,100. The same negative change persisted in the number of closed and
opened stores in the next year, with just 700 shops undergoing closures and
4,000 new ones being launched.
Turning to the second leg of the timeframe, shops’ rate of opening remained
static at 4,000 for the next two years, whereas the number of closed shops
skyrocketed to reach 5,000 only to stay stable for the rest of the period. The
count of opened stores, however, hit the chart low of 3,000 in the final year,
after a period of levelling out.
TASK 1: The table compares the value of exports of kiwi produce from New
Zealand to five different countries in three consecutive years: 2010, 2011,
and 2012.
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Overall, all the countries shown exhibited consistently increasing figures,
with the exception of Saudi Arabia which followed an opposite trajectory. It
is also clear that Japan was the major importer of kiwi from New Zealand,
while Mexico and Russia saw the biggest rises in their expenditures on buying
this fruit.
Looking first of all at the highest figures on the table, it was Japan that
spent the largest amount of money on the imports of kiwi, with this figure
improving further each year. Starting at $271,000,000 first, the expense rate
grew to $287,400,000 in 2011 before hitting an all-time high of $325,300,000
in the final year. These figures were distantly followed by that of China's,
with an initial standing of $74,900,000 in 2010, a sum that rose to $84,800,000
in the following year and then increased to a staggering $94,000,000. Despite
ranking third in the first year, the figures of Saudi Arabia experienced the
most significant reduction, falling from $29,000,000 to just $106,000 in the
second year and eventually dropping to a chart low of $82,000.
The remaining two countries - Mexico and Russia - increased their spending
on kiwi exports considerably more every year. The count for the former stood
at $1,200,000 in 2010, after which it had doubled to $2,400,000 a year later
before $3,300,000 was allocated to the kiwi export in the last year. The latter
country maintained the same pattern of change, with consistent rises over
the years. Russia devoted $968,000 to buy kiwi from New Zealand at the
outset, with this share skyrocketing to $1,585,000 in 2011 and to a whooping
$2,404,000 after a year.
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The bar chart compares the attendance rate of people from different age
groups to care departments in case of emergencies in Nortern Ireland in
December 2016 and the same month in 2017.
Overall, more people visited care centers in December in 2017 compared to a
year before, regardless of their age categories. It is also clear that the
youngest (up to 5-year-olds) and the oldest age (75+) group attended more
than their other counterparts such departments in the event of emergencies
in both years shown.
Looking first of all at the biggest picture on the chart, the highest rate of
attendance to care centers was registered in the count of people aged 75 and
over, 65 and 70 per thousand in 2016 and 2017 respectively. This figure was
closely followed behind by the youngest generation (0-5 years of age),
demonstrating an increase from 50 to 55 people each thousand in the given
years.
Focusing on the number of the middle-aged people on the chart, the largest
share was represented by 16-44-year-olds. Their figure accounted for 30 per
thousand in 2016 before seeing a negligible rise to around 32. There was no
wide gap between the two following age classifications, 45-64 and 65-74-
year-olds, in terms of their attendance level. The former had an initial
standing of 27 people each 1000, while the latter slightly higher than that –
30. Both of these figures exhibited a positive change of 3 more people each,
turning the previous figures to 30 and 33 in 2017.
Lastly, people in the age range of 5-15 followed the same trajectory, albeit
with a smaller count in both years. Whereas only 21 individuals every 1000
at this age attended care centers in 2016, there was a growth of just 1 more
person who turned to these departments after emergencies in 2017.
Many believe that young people should spend more of their free time with their
family instead of other entertainment.
Do you agree or disagree?
There is a view that youngsters should prioritize spending more time with
their family members rather than on entertaining themselves. I fully support
this notion because devoting more time to family members than nonsense
relaxation helps build mutual connections and ensure a happy life in the long-
run.
Spending more time on entertainment is likely to be met with strong
criticism in most cases, with many people considering it to be merely a waste
of precious time. Although some activities done for the sake of relaxation do
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help to unwind and become ready for the next day with full energy,
dedicating hours to them would result in undesirable consequences. For
example, even though playing video games can be a source of entertainment
for many young people, they can backfire if exposed to more than necessary.
This goes to show that spending considerably more time on entertaining
pursuits is mostly counterproductive.
In my opinion, it is important for especially young people to be in the
company of their family members more. For one, they can establish good
relationships with their beloved ones if a significant portion of their free
time is devoted to having conversations, discussing daily issues and good
news and sitting down to grab a meal together. These seemingly insignificant
connections will compound over time, which can boost bonds between young
people and their parents and siblings. The fostered ties, as a result, can help
resolve conflicts reasonably and quickly, which could otherwise escalate into
something devastating.
Apart from this, spending time with family members is bound to stabilize the
welfare of households through increased interactions. Having regular sit-
downs will eventually improve the mutual understanding of family members
with
one
another,
and
this
contact
is
a
prerequisite
for
sustained
relationships. With fewer misunderstandings comes a happier lifestyle.
People in families would not have small arguments over trivial matters such
as the breakage of equipment or the loss of some money if they spent more
time understanding each other’s feelings and inner state. Thus, young
individuals should focus on spending more time with their family members
if they are to gain a sense of satisfaction with their lives.
In conclusion, allocating free time to entertainment oftentimes leads to
squandering
time,
which
could
be
better
directed
at
having
more
conversations with family members, ultimately achieving a satisfactory
lifestyle with less emotional instability and increased happiness.
Full-time university students spend a lot of time studying. Some say they should
do other activities too. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
There is a view that students studying full-time at universities should
allocate more time on other pursuits because they are already dedicating
enough hours to studies. I agree with this proposal as spending time on
recreational activities can help unwind the mind of young people and study-
related stress can be alleviated significantly.
Devoting time to other activities should not come at the expense of
neglecting studies at university. It is because a large proportion of free time
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can be easily wasted on addictive and non-productive tasks, such as playing
video games and scrolling social media feeds. These activities tend to distract
students from their academic endeavors, ultimately resulting in poor
education and self-destructive habits. Apart from this, young learners should
refrain themselves from overly engaging in activities done for the sake of
entertainment. University life plays a key role in shaping the education and
career prospects of students, and becoming involved in other pursuits more
can harm their chances of growing professionally and personally. Young
individuals should therefore concentrate on their studies and prioritize the
most urgent tasks in their daily lives to make the most of tertiary education.
In my opinion, however, students of university need some time to spend on
activities unrelated to their educational sphere. Passing the entire day at
university or college can lead to feelings of mental burnout and exhaust, so
finding a source of distraction from academic lifestyles is necessary. Our
bodies are designed to need constant breaks from time to time and studying
all day long can fracture our inner system. To counter this biological issue,
students should be allowed to take advantage of their pastime and spend it
on something they derive enjoyment from, whether that be any sport
activity or art.
Additionally, university students should focus on their interested activities
since these commitments can foster their cognitive growth by enabling them
to avoid the academic pressure. While doing the tasks students are most
gravitated towards, they do not cause any fatigue or burden to their brain,
which is responsible for assimilating new knowledge and process it for future
use. Once recovered fully, this part of our organism will reach its peak of
function,
facilitating
knowledge
acquisition.
This,
finally,
can
prepare
students for academic life once again and help them to attain high grades
and become more qualified.
In conclusion, while I realize the potential trade-offs of spending time on
activities other than studies – undesirable habits – I would not entirely
overlook the significance of dedicating time to self-help commitments seeing
as they can make university life worthwhile.
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The pie charts compare the percentages of the UK students at one university
in England based on their proficiency in another language other than their
native English in 2000 and 2010.
Overall, there were considerable variations in the figures of English students
to know other languages in the years shown. While the share students with
an ability to speak Spanish stayed dominant in both years, those who could
communicate in German made up the minority. There was an upward trend
in the proportion of students capable of speaking unspecified and multiple
languages, the opposite could be told of only monolingual and French-
speaking students.
Looking first of all at the contrasting figures on the charts, the count of
students who could speak Spanish saw a minimal increase to 35% in 2010
from an initial standing of 30%, remaining the largest share on the charts.
Those with German language proficiency, on the other hand, did not record
any changes in their figures, accounting for 10% in both of the years shown.
Focusing on the remaining proportions, the percentage of students who could
communicate in another language and several languages rose from their
respective figures of 15% and 10% to 20% and 15%, marking the same 5-
percentage-point improvement over the decade. The rest of the students –
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those who could speak only English and French – followed an opposite
trajectory in their figures. The former experienced a marginal drop from 20%
to 10% and the latter from 15% to 10%, sharing the identical final stage.
Some people feel that equality between the genders has already been achieved
while others feel there is considerable progress to be made.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
People fall into two camps as to whether the gender equality has been made
feasible. Some argue that we have already accomplished the mission,
whereas others oppose by claiming that there is a long way to go to that
end. Although I understand the concerns of the latter-side people, I believe
that the equitable society has been established between genders and any
further strides can exacerbate the situation.
Perhaps, the most compelling argument supporting the view that societies
have not yet attained the gender equality has to do with aggression and
abuse caused to women in different corners of the world. In some countries,
females are still undervalued and do not hold the equal rights as their male
counterparts do. Afghanistan serves as a notable example. Despite the fact
that the Taliban has guaranteed the peace and prosperity within the nation,
there are still cases in which women are undertreated and face severe
corporal punishments for insignificant wrongdoings. Unless there are policies
produced to reinforce the notion of the gender equality in such countries, it
is unfair to say the world is free of its spoils.
According to some people, including me, we have already achieved this
equitable community where both sexes are treated the same way. Since the
movement of feminism during the sixties last century, the popular belief and
ideologies over the functions of males and females have been widely
challenged. Previously confined to household chores, most women have had
the privilege of having a job and education of their dream, even leading to
the worldwide female freedom celebration of March 8. However, these efforts
to ensure the mutual equality have come at the expense of underestimating
the major role of males, so much so that the previous feminism has taken
on a new meaning, which is to deny the significance of men in society. It is
not rare to see some feminists chanting for the elimination of males on social
media, and this situation is fueled by the unwavering support of some
governments towards this movement of females. If this persists in the long
run, the relevance of traditional masculinity will be rendered completely.
In conclusion, while some countries have not stabilized the gender equality
in their societies, causing oppression and violence to females, I still think
that these cases can be overshadowed by how long we have come to give
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women more independence and rights to a degree where they are calling for
the removal of the opposite gender. Therefore, any attempts to push the
agenda of feminine movements should be immediately prevented.
The pie charts compare the age brackets of the populace of Yemen and Italy
in 2000, as well as providing a prediction for the trends in 2050.
Overall, there are considerable differences between the figures of 2000 and
2050 regarding the two countries’ population according to the age groups.
The largest proportion of the general population was those aged 15-59, and
will remain to be so in 2050, too. The figures of the youngest (below 14) will
follow the same trajectory of change, while those of the oldest (60+) people
are expected to buck the trend with a large drop.
In 2000, there was a huge discrepancy between the rate of population of
Yemen and Italy, with this gap becoming more pronounced in the age group
of the oldest people, with respective figures of 3.6% and 24.7%, a figure that
marked a sevenfold disparity. The junior age group, however, made up more
people in Yemen than in Italy, becoming the most densely populated age
group in their country. The figures for the former country constituted a half
of the entire populace, while the latter one exhibited a mere 13% presence
of this age bracket. The middle-aged, on the other hand, formed more
individuals in Italy again, with a whooping 61.6% people falling into this
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category, whereas the share of this age group represented 46.3% in Yemen in
2000.
The proportions in the mix should change considerably by the year 2050.
While
only
around
a
2-percentage-point
growth
will
be
seen
in
the
percentage of the oldest people in Yemen from a previous 3.6%, this group of
people will dominate in Italy in the same year, after seeing a staggering rise
to 42.3%. The youngest age profile in Yemen will be overtaken by their adult
counterparts in terms of figures, shrinking to 37.0%, with the middle-aged
being the majority (57.3%). In Italy, both of these age groups will have
experienced
a
negligible
fall
in
their
figures.
While
the
middle-aged
individuals are anticipated to make up 46.2%, down from the preliminary
61.6%, a less dramatic decline will be observed in the case of the youngest
people, reducing to 11.5%.
Happiness is considered very important in life.
Why is it difficult to define? What factors are important in achieving happiness?
There are probably a few more important aspects of our lives than happiness.
The reason why it is hard to describe this state lies in the varieties of
interpretations, ranging from the worldly material ownership to the religious
basics, and I believe a sense of gratitude and treasuring the moment are
likely to ensure the sustained happiness.
Everyone presents different opinions about happiness, making its true
description vague to define. For one, some people argue that attaining wealth
and financial freedom is the resemblance of a happy life as there are normally
fewer harsh realities when one is affluent and leading a luxurious lifestyle.
This ascription of happiness to the possession of material items has become
the mainstream ideology over this state of feelings in many societies.
For another, devoted people tend to seek happiness in their religious acts
such as worship, prayers and good deeds. They claim that a real sense of
satisfaction with one’s life is attributable to the will of God, the creator of
everything and everyone. Those people therefore try their absolute best to
please the Creator so that He will bestow happiness upon them once the
requirements are met. This will most likely leave the definitive position of
the state of happiness rather unpredictable.
In my opinion, however, there are more factors contributing to a happy and
meaningful life than meet the eye. One of them is to be grateful and show
thankfulness for everything one has had and obtained throughout their
entire life. This gratitude involves not complaining about trivial matters,
being tolerant of extreme situations in life and valuing everything at our
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disposal. Only by feeling contentment with seemingly insignificant blessings
can everyone attain and retain happiness.
Additionally, making the most of the present and not dwelling on the past or
future should be embraced as a practical way to ensure happiness. The
primary reason why many people are unhappy is because they overthink
about what happened and will happen, ultimately neglecting the importance
of being present in the moment. If they are to reach fulfilment in their
current positions, they should eliminate unnecessary thoughts, worries,
concerns and grief and become in tune with now. This will, in turn, foster
their self-esteem by giving them confidence about the future, which is
crucial to find happiness in one’s ordinary day-to-day life.
In conclusion, the religious and the worldly material possessions are what
dividing people into camps about the original definition of happiness, I would
argue that anyone can get hold of bliss by living in present and becoming a
little more grateful for what they have.
The image demonstrates the lifespan of honey bees. Overall, there are five
major steps to the existence of honey bees, which commence from a mother
bee laying her eggs, hatching and the overall development of physical stature
of bees. Notably, honey bees reach their maturity in a matter of a couple of
days and live for just over a month.
Everything starts when female bees lay down their eggs to hatch after about
10 days, followed by another five more days to completely break the eggs.
No later does a week pass than those little honey bees start to grow in size,
embarking on a new life phase.
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In the following nine days, honey bees’ bodies increase three times as the
latest version, after which period they turn into adults. This process does not
take a lot of time either, lasting for only four days till the next milestone of
maturity. Once mature enough, females tend to produce a single or two eggs
at every 3-day interval for the entire life cycle of honey bees to respawn
again, which usually stretches for about five weeks in total.
TASK 2: With the advancements in technologies have come new demands that
were unheard of before, with one of them being the need for online coaching
on special platforms. This has led some people to question the relevance of
offline training, and prefer the online method instead. While I agree that
distance coaching presents undoubted benefits, it has not rendered in-person
alternatives obsolete.
Online coaching has several advantages that make it special, with a
convenience factor becoming the most prevalent one. Unlike offline training,
athletes or those engaging in physical activities on online platforms can
reach out to their personal trainers and seek guidance without having to
travel anywhere. This comfort is accompanied by drops in expenditure costs
associated with transportation and food, which would otherwise be a
financial barrier for learners. Take “Hustlers University” for example. The
amateur sportsmen taking this course are famous for their physical stature,
and their accomplishment is mainly thanks to the online platform that
caters to them despite geographical disparities.
Reasonable prices are yet another essential element of online coaching. When
a person hires a personal trainer in person, the latter side usually demands a
much higher fee because he or she dedicates hours and a huge effort to their
clients during the day, soaring the price even higher. With online services, on
the other hand, the scenario is different. Just because trainers do not spend
any money or experience the hassle of traveling, their service pay is
significantly lower than their offline counterparts, making them more
appealing choices for those looking for a professional trainer at affordable
prices.
In my opinion, however, those factors listed above cannot overshadow the
significance of in-person trainers in the sport’s market. For one, those
coaches can provide constant supervision with their watchful eyes during
sessions, increasing discipline and the overall efficiency. This aspect tends to
lack in online instructions as it is almost impossible to remain consistent if
no one checks on athletes the entire time.
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Another argument supporting the view that offline coaching still holds
importance is that not everyone can afford the luxury of online training. The
special platforms designed to train people can only be accessed by individuals
with a portable device connected to the internet, whereas some people do
not own one to enroll in remote training. Their most viable choice is and will
remain an offline instructor, a factor that elevates the role of the latter side
in the sport’s world.
In
conclusion,
although
distance
training
has
emerged
due
to
the
proliferation of modern technology and brought about crucial changes -
convenience and expenditure drops - I would argue that these improvements
cannot
undermine
the
part
of
offline
coaching
thanks
to
increased
productivity and accessibility to certain people without gadgets to register
for remote sessions.
The line graph illustrates the need for electricity in England during average
days in winter and summer seasons, while the accompanying pie chart
compares the distribution of electricity for different purposes.
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Overall, the daily demand for electricity follows the same trajectory in both
winter and summer, albeit to a different extent, with the former season
seeing the highest energy consumption, especially at the last hours of the
day. As to how this power is shared, heating rooms and water requires the
largest share of energy, followed by that of ovens, kettles, washing machines,
and the smallest figures are shared by lighting, TV, radio, vacuum cleaners,
food mixers, and electronic devices.
Looking first of all at the seasonal figures first, a higher level of energy
consumption is needed in winter, maintaining a wide and consistent gap with
summertime demand. For the first half of the day, electricity in the
neighborhood of 30,000-40,000 units is used in winter, whereas this figure is
considerably less significant in the other season, with units ranging from
15,000 to 20,000. Regarding the latter half of the day, a daily need soars in
winter, with units reaching their peak at around 10 pm, with nearly 50,000.
After three hours of stability at 15,000, an everyday electricity consumption
in summer hits its all-time high of 20,000, but for the second and at the same
time as winter. Both of these figures end the day with a drop, with the
winter's being a bigger one to 32,000 and summer sees a negligible fall to
18,000 units.
Turning to the overall distribution of electricity, heating rooms and water
takes up as much as 52% of the entire produce, becoming the major sector
on the chart. The share of ovens, kettles, washing machines follows distantly,
with little less than a fifth of the whole contribution (18%). The remaining
household appliances - lighting, TV, radio, vacuum cleaners, food mixers, and
electronic tools - represent the identical standing, at 15%.
Families who send their children to private schools should not be required to pay
taxes that support the state education system.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
There is a view that governments should abolish taxes that parents of private
school students are paying to contribute to the education system of their
nation. While this suggestion seems valid on the face of it, it entails several
flaws.
Although
the
private
sector
does
not
belong
to
governmental
organizations,
they
still
need
teachers
who
have
graduated
from
governments’ educational institutions, meaning they are anyhow related to
one another and private schools should demand a tax from parents as a
compensation.
It would, indeed, be unfair to require parents of NGO-school students to give
taxpayer money as they are not sending their children to state-owned
schools. The taxation system on parents would definitely place burden on
their financial circumstances, making their livelihood less sustainable. Even
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worse, those parents are paying for the other expenses of their children,
including but not limited to food, transportation and dormitory, unlike the
government
schools
that
require
nearly
none
of
these
expenditures.
Additional payment is sure to strain the parental budget, and governments
should therefore consider at least reducing or entirely abandoning the
taxation system.
In my opinion, however, the parents in question should continue to pay
taxpayer money regardless of whether their children are part of private
schools. For one, these specialized schools mainly employ teachers and
professionals
from
the
governmental
sector,
in
which
case
national
universities that is. As long as governments are preparing the personnel for
private schools and these schools are hiring this staff, the latter side must
be held responsible to pay back. The only sensible way to achieve this
objective is to obtain that payment from parents, who are naturally
accountable for the study expenses of their children. Finally, governments
and private sector are inseparably linked to each other, and dividing them
into two may be costly for non-governmental organizations, especially in
times of urgent financial assistance and emergency cases like natural
disasters.
In conclusion, while there is some justification to the proposal that parents
should be free of the taxation available in private schools, considering the
financial implications on their disposal, I would argue that they should still
be asked to become a taxpayer because of the reasons outlined above.
When choosing a job, the salary is the most important consideration. To what
extent do you agree or disagree?
There is a view that the most important element of any job is how much it
pays. While I acknowledge the significant role of salaries, I would argue that
it is not the sole judgement of a job position. Therefore, other equally
important aspects – job satisfaction and friendly atmosphere – should not
be neglected.
Job pay is thought to be a key in the workplace for two main reasons. One
of them is that it helps to cover financial necessities of an employee, which
is especially critical to cope with today’s ever-increasing living expenses.
House rentals, mortgage, bank loans, daily needs such as food and clothes,
and other bills have emerged as a significant expenditure in recent years,
emphasizing the need for a stable job that pays well. If one does not have a
well-paid job, tackling those spending otherwise is almost impossible
without committing something illegal like burglaries or pick-pocketing.
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Another reason why salaries are crucial is because financial incentives
encourage workers to grind harder, hustle more and remain loyal to their
company. When given money, employees feel respected in that they are
rewarded based on their effort, and sometimes more hours of work mean
more income generated. Money serves as a token indication of one’s hard
work and is more feasible perk than other bonuses are, including inspiring
speeches of a manager or compliments of co-workers. Lucrative jobs help
company directors and headquarters attain and retain loyal employees
because the more they pay, the more willing their workers are to remain in
the workplace.
In my opinion, however, job satisfaction is as significant as the pay is when
embarking on a new job because it ensures a more reliable working
environment. When employees are fully satisfied with their jobs and
experience no difficulties working, their likelihood of staying in the company
naturally increases. As job fulfilment includes appealing work conditions
such as convenient offices, flexible operating hours and less workload,
employees
defy
any
ideas
of
switching
their
workplaces
once
these
requirements are met.
Additionally, friendly atmosphere at work should be considered before
applying for any job position. If this aspect is lacking or entirely absent in
the workplace, the amount of money it pays to employees does not
necessarily lead to any satisfaction. When other staff members, ranging from
cleaners to the senior employees, are motivating, supportive, and ready to
assist anytime, any employee feels treated adequately well. This, as a result,
fosters
a
company’s
unity,
harmony
and
tightness,
preventing
any
breakdowns or disintegration to happen, and is therefore favorable for its
workers too.
In conclusion, despite the immediate benefits job salaries bring about,
financial backup for households and fiscal incentive to go the extra mile, I
still believe that job satisfaction and supportive environment are equally
vital seeing as their shortage cannot be covered with salaries.
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The bar charts demonstrate the major motivations to study among students
from different age brackets and how much support they gain from their job-
givers.
Overall, there are two main reasons for study, career and pure interest, and
they vary depending on the age groups. While career pursuits become less
appealing as people grow older, interest for a subject increases in the
opposite trajectory. As for the employer support which includes breaks and
financial aid, the highest level of assistance is provided for the youngest age
group (below 26), while the lowest rate is for the middle aged (30-49).
Looking first of all at the primary culprits to study among people of different
age groups, 80% of those under 26 can be reported to study for their career
prospects. This figure is closely followed by the next age profile (26-29), which
accounts for 70%, and distantly reached by the following age group of 30-
39-year-olds, making up around 57%. People at the age of 40-49 are seen to
show the same level of interest for the subject and their employment, at
40%. A mere 18% of the oldest age bracket claim that they study to get a
job.
A gap between interest and employment narrows down as people become
older. While only 10% of the youngest age group choose to study because of
self-interest, those in the age range of 20-29 and 30-39 exhibit respective
figures of 15% and 20%. The senior people, on the other hand, form the
biggest proportion, with a staggering 70% of them preferring interest to job
prospects while studying.
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Regarding the staff support, the figures are inconsistent among age groups.
Whereas 65% of the youngest individuals get support from their employees,
this proportion declines to 50% for those in 26-29 years of age. Similar
patterns can be observed in the next age group, 30-39, with just 35%. People
after the age of 40 until 49 receive more support, comprising 38% and the
oldest age bracket getting assistance from their employees makes up 45%.