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Reported speech
Khi động từ tường thuật ở thì quá khứ, để đổi câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, ta đổi BA yếu tố là ngôi, thì của động từ và trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn.
1. Ngôi: - Đổi ngôi thứ NHẤT (I, me, my, mine &We, us ,our(s)) phù hợp với CHỦ NGỮ trong mệnh đề chính
- Đổi ngôi thứ HAI (you , your(s)) phù hợp với TÂN NGỮ trong mệnh đề chính
- Ngôi thứ BA( he, him, his, she, her(s), it(s), they, them, their(s) ) không đổi
2. Thì và các trạng ngữ:
CÂU TRỰC TIẾP CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT
PRESENT SIMPLE | PAST SIMPLE |
PRESENT CONTINUOUS | PAST CONTINUOUS ( S + was/were + V-ing) |
PRESENT PERFECT /PAST SIMPLE | PAST PERFECT (S + had + P.P) |
PAST CONTINUOUS | PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS (S + had + been + v-ing) |
Will / shall + bare inf | Would / should + bare inf |
Must + bare inf | Had to + bare inf |
Is / am/ are going to | Was / were going to |
Can / May | Could / Might |
This / these | That / those |
Now | Then |
Here | There |
Ago | Before |
The day after tomorrow | In 2 days' time |
The day before yesterday | 2 days before |
Today / tonight | That day / that night |
Tomorrow | The day after / the following day / the next day |
Yesterday | The day before / the previous day |
Last night / month / week / year | The night / month / week / year before. |
1. Statements: Câu phát biểu:
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Ex1: Miss. Hoa said: “You should improve your English pronunciation, Lien”
→ Miss Hoa told Lien (that) she should improve her English pronunciation.
Ex2: “ I didmy homework yesterday” Minh said.
→ Minh said he had done his homework the day before.
2. Questions: Câu hỏi
Ex1: “Do you like classical music, Nam ?” Miss Hoa asked.
→ Miss Hoa asked Nam if he liked classical music.
Ex2: “ What are you doing now ?” I asked her.
I asked her what she was doingthen.
Tom tắt | Câu gián tiếp (reported speech) |
A/ Statements(Câu phát biểu) | 1 * S + V1( said) + (that) + S2+ V2+( ADV of time/ place) 2 * S + V1( told )+ O + (that) + S2+ V2+( ADV of time/ place)
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B/ Commands(Câu mệnh lệnh) | 1* S+ V+ (not) + to infinitive (promise, (dis)agree, refuse, threaten, hope, expect, want, ask, wish, need, dare, offer, plan, fail, swear, try, pretend, manage, intend, choose, fear, demand, seem, tend…) 2* S + V + O + (not) + to infinitive (ask, tell, order, beg, allow, remind, encourage, advise, invite, warn, wish, want, command, force, suspect, forbid, need, permit,urge, recommend…) 3* S + V +(prep) + Ving (suggest, deny, detest, delay, postpone, fancy, imagine, keep, risk, avoid, appreciate, admit, miss, practise, dislike, enjoy, save, hate, love, mind, mention, prefer, object to, look forward to, apologize for, feel like, insist on, think of, dream of, worry about, confess to, approve of…) 4* S + V + O + prep + Ving (warn…against, blame…for, thank…for, accuse…of, congratulate … on, discourage…from, forgive…for, prevent…from, stop… from, suspect…of…) |
C1/ Wh-questions
| 1 * S + asked + (O) + wh-… + clause (S+V) 2 * S + wondered + wh-… + clause (S+V) 3 * S + wanted to know + wh-… + clause (S+V)
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C2/ Yes-no questions
| 1 * S + asked + (O) + if / whether + clause (S+V) 2 * S + wondered + if /whether + clause (S+V) 3 * S + wanted to know + if / whether + clause (S+V)
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