VI. CÂU ĐỒNG NGHĨA VÀ KẾT HỢP CÂU
1. CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT
Một số thay đổi khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp
Những
thay đổi
Trực tiếp
Gián tiếp
Thay đổi
về thì
(lùi 1
thì)
Hiện tại đơn
- V(bare)/V(s,es)
He said: “I live in a big city.”
- am/is/are
She said: “I am at home.”
- Ved/V(cột 2)
He said (that) he lived in a big city.
- was/were
She said (that) she was at home.
Quá khứ đơn
- Ved/V(cột 2)
Peter said: “I did it by myself.”
- was/were
Mary said: “I was in the park
last Sunday.”
- Had + V(p2)
Peter said (that) he had done it by
himself.
- Had been
Mary said (that) she had been in
the park the Sunday before.
Hiện
tại
tiếp
diễn
- Am/is/are + Ving
She said: “We are learning
now.”
- Was/were + Ving
She said (that) she was learning
then.
Quá
khứ
tiếp
diễn
- Was/we re + Ving
He said: “I was sleeping then.”
- Had + been + Ving
He said (that) he had been sleeping
then.
Hiện tại hoàn
thành
- Have/has + Vp2
He said: “Someone has stolen
my bag.”
- Had + Vp2
He said (that) someone had stolen
his bag.
Hiện tại hoàn
thành tiếp diễn
- Have/has + been + Ving
She said: “I have been waiting
for you for 3 hours.”
- Had + been + Ving
She said (that) she
had been
waiting for me for 3 hours.
Tương lai đơn
- Will/shall + V(bare)
Lan said: “I
will call
you
tonight”
- Would + V(bare)
Lan said (that) she would call me
that night.
Tương lai gần
- Am/is/are + going to + V
Huong said: “We are going to
have a party next weekend.”
- Was/were + going to + V
Huong said (that) they were going
to have a party the next weekend.”
Động từ khuyết
thiếu
- Can
He said: “I
can’t come
on
time.”
- Could
He said (that) he couldn’t come on
time.
- Must/have to (sự bắt buộc)
She said: “I must take care of
my little brother.”
- Must (sự suy diễn)
He said: “You must be tired
now.”
- Must (đưa ra lời khuyên)
My father said: “This exam is
very
important.
You
must
prepare for it well.”
- Mustn’t (sự cấm đoán)
She said: “You mustn’t make
noise here.”
- Had to
She said (that) she had to take care
of her little brother.
- Must
He said (that) I must be tired then.
- Must
My father said (that) that exam
was very important and I must
prepare for it well.
- Mustn’t
She said (that) I mustn’t make
noise there.
- May
- Might