UNIT 6: VIETNAMESE LIFESTYLES: THEN AND NOW

I. GETTING STARTED

1. lifestyle /laɪfstaɪl/ (n) phong cách sống, lối sống

2. different (from) /ˈdɪfrənt/ (adj) khác biệt (so với)

3. play outdoors /pleɪ aʊtˈdɔːrz/  (v) chơi ngoài trời

4. natural material / ˈnæʧrəl məˈtɪərɪəl/ (n) chất liệu tự nhiên

5. depend on /dɪˈpend ɑːn/ (v) phụ thuộc (vào)

6. electronic device /ˌel.ekˈtrɒn.ɪk dɪˈvaɪs/ (n) thiết bị điện tử

7. traditional game /trəˈdɪʃ.ən.əl ɡeɪm/ (n) trò chơi truyền thống

8. leave school /liːv skuːl/ (v) rời trường học

9. support /səˈpɔːt/ (v) hỗ trợ

10. living condition /'liviη kən'di∫n/ (n) điều kiện sống

11. (be) made from /meɪd frəm/  (v) được làm từ

12. opportunity /ˌɒpəˈtjuːnəti/ (n) cơ hội

13. freedom /ˈfriːdəm/ (n) sự tự do

14. dye /daɪ/ (v) nhuộm (tóc)

15. generation /ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn/ (n) thế hệ

16. pursue /pəˈsjuː/ (v) theo đuổi

17. previous /'pri:viəs/ (adj) trước đây

II. CLOSER LOOK 1

18. take note /teɪk nəʊt/ (phr.v) ghi chú

19. memorise /ˈmeməraɪz/ (v) ghi nhớ

20. replace /rɪˈpleɪs/ (v) thay thế

21. democratic /ˌdeməˈkrætɪk/ (adj) dân chủ

22. various /ˈveəriəs/ (adj) khác nhau, đa dạng

23. family-oriented /ˈfæməli ˈɔːrientɪd/  (adj) định hướng gia đình

24. personal /ˈpɜːsənl/ (adj) cá nhân

25. extended family /ɪkˈstendɪd ˈfæməli/ (adj) đại gia đình

26. independent /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/ (adj) độc lập, tự chủ

27. give up /gɪv ʌp/ (phr.v) từ bỏ

28. hi-tech appliance /ˌhaɪ ˈtek əˈplaɪənsɪz/ (n) thiết bị công nghệ cao

29. use for /juːz fɔː/ (phr.v) sử dụng cho

30. private /'praivit/ (adj) riêng tư

31. design /dɪˈzaɪn/ (v) thiết kế (cho)

III. CLOSER LOOK 2

32. ride a buffalo /raɪd ə ˈbʌfələʊ/ (v) cưỡi trâu

33. traditional farming tools /trəˈdɪʃənl ˈfɑːmɪŋ tuːlz/  (n) dụng cụ làm nông truyền thống

34. promise /ˈprɒmɪs/ (v) hứa

IV. COMMUNICATION

35. transportation /ˌtrænspɔːˈteɪʃn/ (n) vận tải

36. education /ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn/ (n) giáo dục

37. performance /pəˈfɔːməns/ (n) màn trình diễn

38. professional training /prəˈfeʃənlˈtreɪnɪŋ/ (n) đào tạo chuyên nghiệp

39. traditional costume /trəˈdɪʃənlˈkɒstjuːm/ (n) trang phục truyền thống

40. eating habit / ˈiːtɪŋ ˈhæbɪt/ (n) thói quen ăn uống

V. SKILL 1

41. learning style /ˈlɜːnɪŋ staɪl/ (n) phong cách học

42. textbook /ˈtekstbʊk/ (n) sách giáo khoa

43. active /ˈæktɪv/ (adj) chủ động

44. oil lamp /ɔɪllæm/ (n) đèn dầu

45. convenient /kənˈviːniənt/ (adj) thuận tiện

46. learning facility /ˈlɜːnɪŋ fəˈsɪləti/ (n) thiết bị học tập

47. provide /prəˈvaɪd/ (v) cung cấp

48. allow /əˈlaʊ/ (v) cho phép

VI. SKILL 2

49. working place /ˈwɜːkɪŋ pleɪs/ (n) nơi làm việc

50. family type /ˈfæməli taɪp/ (n) loại gia đình

51. parents-children relation /ˈpeərənts ˈtʃɪldrən rɪˈleɪʃn/ (n) mối quan hệ giữa cha mẹ và con cái

VII. LOOKING BACK

52. turn down /tɜːn/ /daʊn/ (phr.v) vặn nhỏ (âm thanh)

53. avoid /əˈvɔɪd/ (v) tránh

54. difference /ˈdɪfrəns/ (n) sự khác biệt

55. exhibition /ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn/ (n) sự trưng bày, triển lãm

56. family value /ˈfæməli ˈvæljuː/ (n) giá trị gia đình

VIII. PROJECT

57. make a promise /meɪk ə ˈprɒmɪs/  (v) hứa

GETTING STARTED

Phong: Grandpa, do you mind telling me how our lives are different from yours in the past?

Grandpa: Well, there are many differences. In my day, we mostly played outdoors. The games were simple and cost little. We made our own toys from natural materials.

Phong: That sounds interesting. Nowadays, most leisure games depend on electronic devices.

Grandpa: Right, but that is mostly true in the city only. Many children in the countryside still play traditional games.Phong: I know.

Grandpa: Another thing is that children nowadays have more freedom of choice. They wear short dresses and jeans with holes. They also dye their hair purple and green.

Phong: Ha ha... Not many, Grandpa.

Grandpa: Hm... And many children of my generation left school early to support their families. Moreover, there were not many schools then.

Phong: You mean we have more opportunities to learn now?Grandpa: That's right.

Phong: Do you think these changes are for the better?

Grandpa: Yes, they mostly are. They have improved our living conditions.

Phong: Thank you, Grandpa.

READ THE CONVERSATION AGAIN AND CIRCLE THE CORRECT ANSWERS.

1. Phong and his grandpa are talking about some differences between _______.

A. children in the city and the countryside         B. the living standards in the past and now

C. life in the past and now                                 D. past and present entertainment

2. Phong's grandpa mentions _______ differences.

A. two                    B. three                   C. four                   D. five

3. Phong's grandpa sees most of the changes as _______.

A. positive              B. negative              C. unnecessary          D. necessary

Write the expressions from the conversation in the correct column.

a. depend on electronic devices               b. leave school early

c. dye their hair                                      d. have more opportunities to learn

e. make toys from natural materials

The past: …………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

The present : ……………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE WORDS FROM THE BOX.

opportunity (n): cơ hội                 freedom (n): sự tự do        

dyed (Ved/ adj): được nhuộm       generation (n): thế hệ          materials (n): nguyên liệu

1. A few teenagers in my village have _______ their hair brown. 

2. Young people's lifestyle today is different from that of the previous _______.

3. Nowadays, nearly all young people have a(n) _______ to go to school.

4. He wants to live green, so he uses products made from natural _______.

5. My parents give me _______ to pursue my own interests.

CLOSER LOOK 1

A

B

1. take notes

a. learn something carefully so that you can remember it exactly

2. depend on

b. take the position of something/somebody

3. memorise

c. write down some key information when listening to a talk, a lecture

4. pursue

d. rely on something/ somebody

5. replace

e. try to achieve something over a period of time

DISCUSS AND FILL EACH BLANK WITH AN ADJECTIVE FROM THE BOX

democratic (adj): có tính dân chủ          personal (adj): thuộc về cá nhân

various (adj): đa dạng           extended (adj): mở rộng     family-oriented (adj): hướng về gia đình

generations live in my house: my great grandparents, my grandparents, my parents, and me.

It's a(n) _______ family.

2. In our group, everybody has equal rights to speak and work.We have a(n) _______ relationship.

3. Children in the past played a lot of traditional outdoor games such as hide-and-seek, tug of war, and marbles.

There were _______ outdoor games for children.

4. I don't make public my telephone number, home address, or birthday.

They are my _______ information.

5. He values his family and spends a lot of time with them.He's a(n) _______ person.

CIRCLE THE CORRECT ANSWER A, B, C, OR D TO COMPLETE EACH SENTENCE.

1. Most of the events at the fair are _______, i.e. they are designed for the family.

A. family-oriented             B. exciting              C. democratic              D. various

2. In the past, girls had little opportunity to _______ their interests.

A. know                            B. replace                C. pursue                               D. promise

3. Hi-tech appliances used for housework have _______ our old-fashioned tools.

A. made                            B. replaced              C. stopped                             D. given up

4. The relationship between parents and children is now more _______ than in the past.

A. independent                  B. private                C. democratic              D. extended

5. Protect your personal _______ online by using strong and unique passwords.

A. taste                              B. experience           C. opinions                            D. privacy

Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others.

1. A. yacht              B. chapter               C. manage              D. panel

2. A. example          B. feed                   C. ink                     D. inhumane

3. A. junior             B. humour              C. stew                   D. few

4. A. hall                B. doll                     C. chalk                  D. forecast

5. A. remake           B. refund                C. reconcile            D. reproduce

Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.

1. A. elevated          B. facility                C. significant           D. initially

2. A. cooperative     B. anniversary         C. illiteracy             D. considerable

3. A. complete         B. complain            C. company            D. computer

4. A. economic        B. electric               C. engineer             D. entertain

5. A. technology      B. opportunity         C. curiosity             D. information

Choose the word whose part of speech is different from the others.

1.A. relieved           B. upgrade              C. convince            D. surround

2.A. sandals            B. improvement      C. rubber                D. noticeable

3.A. considerably    B. noticeably           C. cooperative          D. Initially

4.A. convince          B. sympathetic        C. annoyed             D. tolerant

5.A. obedient          B. astonished          C. urgency              D. noticeable

NGỮ PHÁP: ĐỘNG TỪ ĐI VỚI TO + V VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ ĐI VỚI V-ING

I. ĐỘNG TỪ ĐI VỚI TO + V

Một số động từ luôn cần đi kèm sau nó là một động từ chia ở dạng nguyên thể.

Công thức là V + to + V.

Động từ thứ nhất được chia theo chủ ngữ, động từ thứ hai đứng sau to thì giữ nguyên thể, không cần chia động từ.

agree  (đồng ý); learn  (học); attempt  (thử, cố gắng); choose  (chọn)

decide  (quyết định); expect  (mong đợi); hope  (hy vọng); intend  (dự định)

plan  (lên kế hoạch); pretend  (giả vờ); promise  (hứa hẹn); refuse  (từ chối)

seem  (có vẻ); tend  (có xu hướng); threaten  (đe doạ); want  (muốn)

Ví dụ:

1. We agreed to wear traditional clothing for our wedding ceremonies. 

(Chúng tôi đã đồng ý mặc trang phục truyền thống trong lễ cưới của mình.)

2. They learned to dance the folk dances of the Thai people. 

(Họ đã học nhảy các điệu múa dân gian của người Thái.)

3. She decided to explore ancient temples to learn more about Vietnamese history. 

(Cô ấy đã quyết định khám phá những ngôi đền cổ để tìm hiểu thêm về lịch sử Việt Nam.)

4. Thomas plans to visit cultural festival to see local performances. 

(Thomas lên kế hoạch đến thăm lễ hội văn hóa để xem các buổi biểu diễn địa phương.)

5. Hanna promises to cook traditional Vietnamese dishes for dinner. 

(Hanna hứa sẽ nấu những món ăn truyền thống của Việt Nam cho bữa tối.)

II. ĐỘNG TỪ ĐI VỚI V-ING

Một số động từ luôn cần đi kèm sau nó là một động từ khác ở dạng V-ing: Động từ thứ nhất được chia theo chủ ngữ, động từ thứ hai đứng sau luôn có đuôi ing.

admit  (thừa nhận); avoid  (tránh); consider  (cân nhắc); delay  (trì hoãn);

enjoy  (tận hưởng); fancy  (thích); finish  (hoàn thành); imagine  (tưởng tượng);

keep  (tiếp tục); mind  (chú ý, để tâm); miss  (nhớ nhung); practice  (luyện tập);

recommend  (gợi ý, khuyến nghị); risk  (mạo hiểm); suggest  (gợi ý, đề nghị)

Ví dụ:

1. We avoid visiting crowded places during peak season. 

(Chúng tôi tránh đến những nơi đông đúc vào mùa cao điểm.)

2. I fancy taking a boat trip on the Mekong River. 

(Tôi thích đi thuyền trên sông Mekong.)

3. The children finished watching a Vietnamese puppet show. 

(Các em nhỏ đã xem xong chương trình múa rối Việt Nam.)

4. Do you mind learning how to cook rice paper rolls? 

(Bạn có phiền học cách làm bánh tráng cuốn không?)

5. My friend suggests joining local cooking classes to learn traditional recipes. 

(Bạn tôi gợi ý tham gia lớp học nấu ăn địa phương để học các công thức nấu ăn truyền thống.)

CHOOSE THE BEST OPTION TO COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES.

1. Her family plans _______ their hometowns to reconnect with their roots.

A. visit                    B. visiting               C. to visit               D. visited

2. She tries to avoid _________ plastic bags when shopping to help protect the environment.

A. using                  B. used                   C. to use                 D. use

3. Paul promises __________ his experiences in Vietnam with his friends back home.

A. share                  B. to share              C. sharing               D. shared

4. Ann expects __________ new skills to compete in the job market.

A. gaining               B. gain                    C. to gain               D. gained

5. Minh admits _________ the vibrant atmosphere of traditional markets.

A. enjoying             B. enjoy                  C. enjoyed              D. to enjoy

6. He fancies __________ on a cycling trip through the countryside to enjoy the scenery.

A. to going              B. to go                  C. going                 D. go

7. In the past, people intended __________ local materials for their homes.

A. using                  B. to use                 C. use                     D. to using

8. Today, many young people choose __________ abroad for better opportunities.

A. studying             B. to study              C. studied               D. study

9. Many parents decide _________ their children with modern values and traditions.

A. to raise               B. raising                C. raise                   D. raised

10. She considers ______ in community events to connect with her neighbors and make new friends.

A. participate          B. to participate       C. to participating D. participating

CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER TO COMPLETE EACH SENTENCE.

1. Young people today attempt to adopt/adopting a more active lifestyle by participating in sports.

2. Some cities agree preserving/to preserve historic buildings to maintain their cultural identity.

3. Do you mind to join/joining us for a cooking class to learn how to make pho?

4. He didn't recommend ignoring/to ignore the importance of family values in modern society.

5. A lot of residents in cities decided to use/using public transport to reduce traffic.

6. We risk to damage/damaging the environment if we do not reduce plastic waste.

6. We suggested participating/to participate in workshops to learn about traditional crafts.

7. He hopes to participate/participating in cultural exchange programs next summer.

8. Nowadays, people choose living/to live in apartments in big cities for convenience.

9. Mary practices to speak/speaking Vietnamese every day to improve my language skills.

PUT THE VERBS IN BRACKETS IN THE CORRECT FORMS.

1. I don’t mind (walk) ……………. to the market to enjoy the fresh air and local sights.

2.In the past, students attempted (balance) ……………. their studies with helping their families.

3. They hope (experience) ……………. local festivals when they visit this region.

4. He admits (struggle) ……………. to keep up with the fast-paced city life.

5. I consider (try) ……………. new foods when visiting different regions to experience local culture.

6. Bob plans (travel) ……………. to different regions to experience diverse lifestyles.

7. I finished (prepare) ………. for my presentation on Vietnamese culture at the community event.

8. My grandfather keeps (share) …………..…. stories from his childhood to connect with younger generations.

9. The rising sea levels threaten (flood) ……………. many coastal cities in the future.

10. We avoid (go) ……………. out during rush hour to save time and reduce stress.

CLOSER LOOK 2

WRITE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS.

1. fancy (ride) _______ a buffalo

2. learn (use) _______ traditional farming tools

3. mind (not touch) _______ the displays

4. decide (make) _______ a kite

5. avoid (play) _______ on the streets

6. promise (learn) _______ more about the history of our village

UNDERLINE THE CORRECT VERB FORM FOR EACH SENTENCE.

1. I really fancy to wear / wearing this traditional cone hat at our Fashion Show

2. My brother has decided to enter / entering the Back to Our Past Competition.

3. Do you mind to replay / replaying that folk music? It's lovely.

4. My uncle always avoids to tell / telling stories about his past.

5. They plan to do / doing research about life in Hue in the 19th century.

COMPLETE & CORRECT FORM OF A VERB FROM THE BOX.

make (v): tạo ra/ làm ra               learn (v): học           give (v): đưa/ cho

work (v): làm việc                        teach (v): dạy

1. We want _______ how to make toys from natural materials.

2. Yesterday, we finished _______ on the poster for our Good Old Days project.

3. I have promised _______ my grandfather how to find news online.

4. My grandmother suggested _______ a traditional long dress for the wedding.

5. Our group agreed _______ a presentation about school uniforms in the 20th century.

CHOOSE THE INCORRECT UNDERLINED WORD OR PHRASE IN EACH SENTENCE.

1. Just a few (A) years ago (B) , I would never (C) fancy to have (D) a smart TV in my home.

2. Tom promised adding (A) some information (B) about the past (C) to his presentation(D).

3. I've (A) decided learning (B) how ethnic minority people use (C) natural materials to dye (D) cloth.

4. My (A) children plan researching (B) and make our family tree (C) for the past hundred years (D).

5. Do (A) you mind not (B) to talk (C) about the past in such a negative (D) way?

COMMUNICATION

1.Mike: I will share with you the links about the ancient village of Duong Lam.

(Mình sẽ chia sẻ với các bạn đường dẫn về làng cổ Đường Lâm.)

Phong: Thank you.(Cảm ơn bạn.)

2.Mi: I promise not to bring my dog to the picnic.(Tôi hứa sẽ không mang theo chó đi dã ngoại.)

Ann: Great! I appreciate it.(Tuyệt vời! Tôi rất cảm kích.)

CHOOSE THE MOST SUITABLE RESPONSE A, B, C, OR D

1. A: In the past, most people went to work by bike.

B: _____

A. Did they?                                           B. They love cycling!

C. Bicycles were expensive then.            D. That’s my favourite bike.

2. A: I think children nowadays have more opportunities to pursue their interests than in the past.

B: _____

A. Do they study harder?                        B. I totally agree with you.

C. I do not have many opportunities.       D. How boring!

3. A: Do you see any differences between life in the past and now?

B: _____

A. What was life in the past like?            B. I don’t like life in the past.

C. What differences are there?                D. Yes, there are many.

4. A: I’m giving a presentation about changes in teenagers’ fashion over the past five years.

B: _____

A. What a promise!           B. Am I fashionable?         C. I’d love to hear it.   D. I’m sorry.

5. A: My brother promises to help us with our research on trendy entertainment for teenagers.

B: _____

A. It’s a good idea.            B. Great! I really appreciate that.   C. Why not? D. Who’s he?

SKILLS 1:

READ THE PASSAGES AND CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER A, B, C, OR D.

Mr Nam, grandfather, a 70-year-old farmer

I was one of the few children in my village who was still at school at the age of 15. Every day, I got up early and walked to school. Learning then depended mostly on our teachers and textbooks. We had no library or lab. The nearest bookshop was six kilometres away. I learned simply by taking notes during class, memorising them, and doing the homework. Life then was simple. We rarely travelled outside our village, so we didn't know much about the world around us.

Mai, granddaughter, a 15-year-old student

Learning today is very different from my grandfather's time. It is easier and more convenient. Besides learning from teachers and textbooks, we use the Internet. It provides us with various online sources such as documents, clips, and programmes. Google helps us find the answers to almost any questions we have. The Internet also allows us to pursue our own interests. Learning has become more independent. Although most children in my village have fewer private learning facilities than the students in the city, we are still luckier than my grandfather's generation. We have TVs to watch at home and a library and computers at school.

1. In Mr Nam's time, __________.

A. teachers played an important role       B. there were no bookshops

C. students did experiments in labs         D. all children stayed on at school until they were 15

2. Few people travelled outside their village, so __________.

A. life in the village was simple              B. his school didn't have any learning facilities

C. the villagers didn't know much about the world around

D. none of the villagers knew about city life

3. Learning now __________.

A. does not require textbooks                  B. uses some online programmes

C. depends only on the Internet               D. does not require students to take notes

4. The word "It" refers to __________.

A. leaming today     B. my grandfather's time    C. learning facilities               D. the Internet

5. The word "we" refers to __________.

A. learning facilities                               B. students at my grandfather's generation

C. students in the city                             D. children in the village

Fill in each blank with ONE word from the passage.

1. Mr Nam learned mainly from teachers and _______.

2. He learned by _______ the information he got in class.

3. Nowadays, students can learn from _______ online sources.

4. An example of an online source is _______.

5. The Internet helps children _______ their interests.

SKILLS 2

Nội dung bài nghe:

Family life has changed a lot over the past 50 years.

Firstly, nuclear families have replaced extended ones. In the past, there were usually three generations living together in a household. Now, there are often two generations only: parents and children.

Secondly, Vietnamese people are traditionally family-oriented. Holidays in the past mostly meant gathering, cooking and eating. Now, more families go out, visit a place, play and eat. Overall, holidays have become more relaxing and less tiring.

Lastly, families in the past spent more time talking and doing things together. Children came to their elders to share their experiences and look for answers to their questions. Today's children have more opportunities to learn from other sources. They do not depend all on their elders. While they listen to their parents, they want their parents to listen to them, too. The relation between parents and children is more democratic. Parents have learned to respect their children's independence and privacy.

Facts

The past

The present

1. Popularity of extended families

2. More holidays away from home

3. More time spent doing things together

4. More sources to learn from

5. More democratic parent-children relationships

LISTEN AGAIN AND FILL EACH BLANK WITH A WORD OR A NUMBER.

1. The speaker mentions _______ types of families.

2. In an extended family, there is/ are _______ generation(s) living together.

3. The speaker describes Vietnamese people as _______.

4. Children in the past usually came to their _______ to share their experiences.

5. Today's children want their parents to respect their independence and _______.

LOOKING

CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER A, B, C, OR D TO COMPLETE EACH SENTENCE.

1. I love animals and I'm determined to ______ my dream of becoming a vet.

A. have                   B. pursue                C. do                      D. depend on

2. ______ people tend to put the needs of their families ahead of their own.

A. Independent        B. Democratic         C. Kind                  D. Family-oriented

3. Rapid changes in society and lifestyle have made the ______ in many families wider.

A. generation gap    B. family relation    C. family values          D. experiences

4. She has found ______ sources of information about life in Viet Nam a century ago.

A. extended             B. alive                   C. various               D. long

5. Like adults, children sometimes want some ______.

A. opportunity         B. relations             C. values                D. privacy

Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words in brackets.

1. My parents taught me not to listen to other people's _______ conversations. (privacy)

2. It's amazing that the boy can _______ all the information in such a short time. (memory)

3. Living away from home to attend college has made me more _______. (independence)

4. In a modern society, we learn to value a person's _______. (free)

5. In a _______ classroom, every student has the right to speak as well as the responsibility to listen to others. (democracy)

Circle the correct words or phrases to complete the following sentences.

1. Do you mind turning / to turn the volume down? I'm studying.

2. We decided spending / to spend this whole week learning to cook traditional foods.

3. If you want seeing / to see the differences between the past and the present of a city, visit its museum.

4. He stayed in his room to avoid meeting / to meet his parents' guests.

5. My brother promised taking / to take me to the exhibition of traditional farming tools.

Make any changes and add more words if necessary.

1. we / plan / visit / historical places / Cao Bang.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

2. we / hope / have / bus station / near / village / soon.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

3. even / grandmother /enjoy / use / Facebook / communicate / her friends.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

4. last year / I / learn / make cakes / watch / cooking videos / Internet.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

5. this morning / I / suggest / do a survey / northern women's traditional costumes.

……………………………………………………………………………………………