I.Passive voice (Bị động)
Chủ động S + V + O
Bị động S + be +V3/ed + (by O)
| Tense (Thì) | Passive voice |
Hiện tại đơn I learn English | am/is/are + V3/ed → English is learn (by me) |
Hiện tại tiếp diễn He is writing a letter | am/is/are + being + V3/ed → A letter is being writing (by him) |
Quá khứ đơn She was doing the homework at 8’o clock last night | was/were + V3/ed → The homework was being done at 8’o clock last night |
| Quá khứ tiếp diễn | was/were + being + V3/ed |
Hiện tại hoàn thành I have bought a house | have/has + been + V3/ed → A house has been bought (by me) |
Quá khứ hoàn thành She had watched two films before they went to bed last night | had + been + V3/ed → Two films had been watched before they went to bed last night |
Tương lai đơn They will build a house | will + be + V3/ed →A house will be build (by them) |
Tương lai tiếp diễn I will be watching TV this time next week | will be being + V3/ed →TV will be being watched (by me) this time next week |
Tương lai hoàn thành He will have finished this task by this time next year | will + have + been + V3/ed → This task will have been finished (by him) by this time next year |
Tương lai gần We are going to buy a computer | am/is/are going to + be + V3/ed → A computer is going to be bought (by us) |
Động từ khiếm khuyết (Model verbs) He can play badminton well | can/must/should/ought to…+ be + V3/ed → Badminton can be played well (by him) |
to V They started to learn English four years ago He likes me to call him “Sir” He urged the Council to reduce the tax He wants someone to take photographs | to be V3/ed → English started to be learned four years ago → He likes to be called “Sir” → The Council was urged to reduce the tax → He wants photographs to be taken |
V-ing I remember my father taking me to the zoo She started learning English four years ago I saw him doing his exercises all day I like you wearing this dress | being V3/ed → I remember being taken to the zoo by my father → English started being learned four years ago → He was seen doing his exercises all day → I like this dress being worn by you. |
V-bare I saw him close the door and drive his car away. They made him wash the dishes | be + V3/ed + to V → He was seen to close the door and drive his car away → He was made to wash the dishes |
S + make + O + Vo His boss made him do this task | S + be + made to V (by O) → He was made to do this task |
S + let + O + Vo My mother lets me go to the party | S + be let + Vbare / be allowed to Vbare (by O) → I am let go to the party / I am allowed to go to the party |
have + S.b + Vbare get + S.b + to V I have my father repair my bike I'll get Peter to fix my car. | have + S.t + V3/ed get + S.t + V3.ed → I have my bike repaired ( by my father ) → I'll get my car fixed ( by Peter ) |
S1+say/think/believe/suppose/consider/report..+(that)+S2 +V2
People say that he is a good doctor | Cách 1: It + is / was + said/thought/believed/supposed/considerd… + (that) + S2 + V2 Cách 2: S2 + be + said/thought/believed/supposed/considerd… + to-V (V2 chia ở HTĐ , HTTD , TLĐ ) + to have V3/ed (V2 chia ở HTHT, QKĐ, QKHT ) → It's said that he is a good doctor → He is said to be a good doctor |
S + suggest/ recommend/ order/require... + that + S +V+ O
He suggested that she buy a new car | It + was/will be/has been/is...+ V3/ed( của các động từ trên) + that + O + be + V3/ed. (be ở mệnh đề that giữ nguyên) →It was suggested that a new car be bought |
It + be + adj + for somebody + to do something. It is difficult for me to finish this test in one hour | It + be + adj + for something + to be done → It is difficult for this test to be finished in one hour |
BỊ ĐỘNG TRONG TRƯỜNG HỢP 2 TÂN NGỮ Trong đó : Oi = Indirect Object (tân ngữ gián tiếp), Od = Direct Object (tân ngữ trực tiếp) S + V + Oi + Od
My friend gave me a present on my birthday. |
1/ Oi + be + V3/ED( of V) + Od. 2/ Od + be + V3/ED( of V) + to Oi. → A present was given to me by my friend on my birthday → I was given a present on my birthday by my friend. |
It's your duty to + Vo It's your duty to make tea today | You're supposed to + Vinf-Vo → You are supposed to make tea today |
It's impossible to + Vinf-Vo It's impossible to solve this problem | S + can't + be + V3/ED →This problem can't be solved |
It's necessary to + Vinf-Vo It's necessary for you to type this letter | S + should/ must + be +V3/ED →This letter should/ must be typed by you |
Mệnh lệnh thức + Object. Turn on the lights | O + should/must + be +V3/ED →The lights should be turned on. |
| V0 | V1 | V2 | V3 |
| be | is/am/are | was/were | been |