CHUYÊN ĐỀ: PASSIVE VOICE
(THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG)
I. Cách chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động:
Active: Chủ động
|
S + be* + P.P + by + O (* be chia theo thì của V) |
Passive: Bị động |
S + V + O
Ex: They are painting the house.
→ The house is being painted.
They had destroyed all the documents when we arrived.
→ All the documents had been destroyed when we arrived.
II. Thay đổi hình thức động từ cụ thể trong từng thì:
| TENSES | ACTIVE | PASSIVE |
| Simple Present | S + V1-s/es | S + am / is / are + PP |
| Present continuous | S + am / is / are + V-ing | S + am / is / are + being + PP |
| Simple Past | S + V-ed /V2 | S + was / were + PP |
| Past continuous | S + was / were + V-ing | S + was / were + being + PP |
| Present Perfect | S + have / has + PP | S + have / has + been + PP |
| Past Perfect | S + had + PP | S + had + been + PP |
| Simple Future | S + will + V1 | S + will + be + PP |
Modal verbs
| can may must S + have to + V1 should used to be going to | can may must S + have to + be + V3 should used to be going to
|
Ex:
1. John delivers the newspapers every morning.
The newspapers are delivered by John every morning.
2. My mother wrote that letter.
That letter was written by my mother.
3. They will build a new school here next month.
A new school will be built here next month.
4. He is asking me a lot of questions.
I am being asked a lot of questions.
5. She was doing her homework at that time.
Her homework was being done at that time.
6. My mother has made that cake.
That cake has been made by my mother.
7. They had prepared a party before we came.
A party had been prepared before we came.
8. Sue is going to write the book
The book is going to be written by Sue
9. You must finish this report à This report must be finished
NOTES: LƯU Ý:
1. Khi chủ ngữ và túc từ trong câu chủ động là đại từ, ta phải thay đổi cho phù hợp.
Ex: The teacher punished me.
Q I was punished by the teacher.
2. Khi chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là: people, I, we, you, they, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, anybody…khi đổi sang bị động thường được bỏ đi
Ex: They built this bridge last year.
3. Khi trong câu chủ động có 2 túc từ thì dùng tức từ nào làm chủ ngữ cũng được, tuy nhiên, túc từ chỉ người được sử dụng nhiều hơn.
Ex: My mother bought me a new shirt.
- I was bought a new shirt by my mother.
- A new shirt was bought for me by my mother.
4. Nếu chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là Noone/ noboby khi đổi sang bị động ta bỏ by noone/ nobody nhưng động từ phải đổi sang thể phủ định.
Ex: No one believes his story.
Q His story isn’t believed.
5. Vị trí của trạng từ.
Trạng từ chỉ thể cách được đặt trứơc Past Participle.
Ex: I do my homework carefully.
Q My homework is carefully done.
Trạng từ chỉ thời gian có thể đặt ở đầu câu hoặc sau by + O
Ex: I lent him money yesterday.
Q He was lent money yesterday.
Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn được đặt trước by + O
Ex: Mary bought the gift from that shop.
Q the gift was bought from that shop by Mary.
III. MỘT SỐ DẠNG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG ĐẶC BIỆT:
1.Verbs of opinion (Động từ chỉ ý kiến): say, think, believe, know, report, consider, expect, feel, hope, know, understand…
KINDS | FORMS |
Active | S1 + VS1 + that + S2 + VS2 |
Passive |
It + be V3/ ed + that + S2 + VS2
|
to have V3/ ed
|
Ex. People say that he is a famous doctor.
It is said that he is a famous doctor.
He is said to be a famous doctor.
People believe that he drove through the town at 90 km an hour.
It is believed that he drove through the town at 90 km an hour.
He is believed to have driven through the town at 90 km an hour.