RELATIVE CLAUSES
| Persons | Things |
| Subjects | who, that | which, that |
| Objects | that, who, whom | which, that |
| Possessives | whose | whose, of which |
| Place | Where | |
| Time | When | |
| Reason | Why | |
Note:
- Sử dụng mệnh đề có dấu phẩy khi.
+ Trước đại từ quan hệ có: this/that/these/those/my/her/his/…
Ex: My father, who is fifty years old, is a doctor.
+ Từ trước đại từ quan hệ là tên riêng, danh từ riêng, vật duy nhất.
Ex: The sun, which was hot at midday, made the traveller thirsty
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- Mệnh đề quan hệ với giới từ.
- Có thể lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ (whom/ which/ that) khi nó thay thế cho túc từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ không có dấu phẩy, giới từ.
- Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ :
Ex: a. Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health.
=> Football, a popular sport, is very good for health.
Ex:b. Do you like the book which is on the table?
=>Do you like the book on the table?
- Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ sử dụng Ving, V3/ed, to Vo.
Ex1: Kids who play in the street may get run over.
à Kids playing in the street may get run over.
Ex2: The food that was eaten by the mice was poisonous.
à The food eaten by the mice was poisonous.
Ex3: Yuri Gagarin was the first man who flew into space.
à Yuri Gagarin was the first man to fly into the space.
- Khi danh từ tiền ngữ có các từ chỉ số thứ tự (the first, the second, the third,…,the last) và từ the only, ta có thể rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ theo công thức sau:
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Exercise 1. Complete the sentences with relative pronouns or relative adverbs:
1. A pacifist is a person ___________ believes that all wars are wrong.
2. Mrs. Richmond, _____________ is 42, has three children.
3. We talk about the party ________________Mary wants to organize for my birthday.
4. He received a low mark for his essay, _______________ was only one page long.
5. The man _____________ I introduced to you last night may be the next president of the university.
6. Professor Johnson, _____________ I have long admired, is visiting the University next week.
7. Stevenson is an architect ______________ designs have won the international praise.
8. I’ll be staying with Nam, _____________ brother is one of my closest friends.
9. Let me see all the letters ______________ you have written.
10. This is the most interesting film ______________ I’ve ever watched.
11. We saw the man and his dog _____________ were going to the park.
12. Mr. Baker will buy the house ______________ is opposite to my house.
13. The hotel _____________ we stayed was very clean and comfortable.
14. We first met in 1945____________the revolution took place.
15. The time _______________ we go to school is 6:30.
16. I don’t know the reason ______________ she was absent yesterday.
17. The man to ____________ I talked yesterday was very kind.
18. The picture at ______________ she was looking was beautiful.
19. I’ll give you the address to ________________ you should write.
20. The woman about _____________ I’m telling you teaches me English.
21. He introduced me to his students, most of _____________were from abroad.
22. Fred has three brothers , all of ___________ are married.
23. Ann has a lot of books most of ____________ she hasn’t read.
24. This is the book ______________ I’m looking for.
25. That’s the child _____________ you have to look after.
26. It was Tom _______________ helped us.
27. It ‘s speed _____________ causes the accident.
28. I have nothing ___________ I can wear for the party.
29. Have you got anything ______________ we can eat?
30. The car __________ handbrake wasn’t very reliable began to slide backwards.
31. She has two sons both of _______________ are working abroad.
- I usually catch the 5p.m bus, ________________ is a fast train.
- John, _______________ leg is still bandages, won’t play the next match.
- He traveled to the Far East, ________________ he got the ideas for many of his novels.
- Mr. Ross, ________________ I have known for a long time, has just become the principal.
- My wife, ________________ mother is Italian, knows Italy very well.
- That is the only road _________________ leads to the lake.
- An orphan is a child _________________ parents are dead.
- This school is only for children __________________ first language is not English.
- The woman _________________ I wanted to see was away on holiday.
Exercise 2. Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D.
- This is the place _________ I met my wife.
A. what B. where C. which D. that
- My wife, _________ is a doctor, works at Community Hospital.
A. who B. which C. whom D. that
- Only one of the people _________ work in the company is qualified.
A. what B. which C. who D. where
- She is the one _________ I told you about.
A. what B. which C. whose D. who
- Those _________ had studied hard passed their exams.
A. what B. which C. who D. whose
- The magazine _________ you lent me is interesting.
A. what B. which C. whom D. whose
- The man _________ is resting is very tired.