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CÂU TRẦN THUẬT
- LÍ THUYẾT
Câu tường thuật là loại câu thuật lại lời nói của người khác dưới dạng gián tiếp.
- Một số thay đổi cơ bản khi tường thuật
Khi chuyển từ câu nói trực tiếp sang câu nói gián tiếp có những thay đổi sau:
- Các đại từ
Các đại từ | Trực tiếp | Gián tiếp |
| Subject pronouns | I | he/ she |
You | I/ We/ They | |
We | We/ They | |
| Object pronouns | me | him/ her |
you | me/ us/ them | |
us | us/ them | |
Possessive adjectives | my | his/ her |
your | my/ our/ their | |
our | our/ their | |
Possessive pronouns | mine | his/ hers |
yours | mine/ ours/ theirs | |
ours | ours/ theirs | |
| Demonstratives | this | that |
these | those |
- Trạng từ chỉ thời gian
Trực tiếp | Gián tiếp |
| Today | that day |
| Tonight | that night |
| Tomorrow | the next day/ the following day |
| Tomorrow morning | the next morning |
| Yesterday | the day before/ the previous day |
| Ago | before |
| Now | then |
| Next (Tuesday) | the next/ following Tuesday |
| Last (Tuesday) | the previous Tuesday/ the Tuesday before |
| The day after tomorrow | in two days' time/ two days later |
| The day before yesterday | two days before |
| Here | there |
- Thì của động từ
Tên thì | Trực tiếp | Gián tiếp |
| Hiện tại đơn |
He said: "I live in a big city."
She said: "I am at home." | - Ved/ V (cột 2) He said (that) he lived in a big city. - Was/were She said (that) she was at home. |
| Quá khứ đơn |
Peter said: "I did it by myself."
Mary said: "I was in the park last Sunday." |
Peter said (that) he had done it by himself.
Mary said (that) she had been in the park the Sunday before. |
| Hiện tại tiếp diễn | Am/is/are + V-ing She said: "we are learning now." | Was/were + V-ing She said (that) she was learning then. |
| Quá khứ tiếp diễn | Was/were + V-ing He said: "I was sleeping then." | Had + been + V-ing He said (that) he had been sleeping then |
Hiện tại hoàn thành | Have/has + Vp2 He said: "Someone has stolen my bag." | Had + Vp2 He said fthati someone had stolen his bag |
Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn | Have/has + been + Ving She said: "I have been waiting for you for 3 hours." | Had + been + Ving She said (that) she had been waiting for me for 3 hours. |
| Tương lai đơn | Will/shall + V(bare) Lan said: "I will call you tonight." | Would + V(bare) Lan said fthatf) she would call me that night. |
| Tương lai gần | Am/is/are + going to + V Huong said: "we are going to have a party next weekend." | Was/were + going to + V Huong said (that) they were going to have a party the next weekend." |
Động từ khuyết thiếu | Can He said: "I can’t come on time." | Could He said (that) he couldn't come on time. |