UNIT 11 OUR GREENER WORLD

UNIT 11: OUR GREEN WORLDA. TỪ VỰNG:- air pollution /eər pəˈlu·ʃən/ (n): ô nhiễm không khí- soil pollution /sɔɪl pəˈlu·ʃən/ (n): ô nhiễm đất- deforestation /diːˌfɔːr.əˈsteɪ.ʃən/ (n): nạn phá rừng, sự phá rừng- noise pollution /nɔɪz pəˈlu·ʃən/ (n): ô nhiễm tiếng ồn- water pollution /ˈwɔ·t̬ər pəˈlu·ʃən/ (n): ô nhiễm nước- be in need /bɪ ɪn nid/ (v): cần- cause /kɔz/ (v): gây ra- charity /ˈtʃær·ɪ·t̬i/ (n): từ thiện- disappear /ˌdɪs·əˈpɪər/ (v): biến mất- do a survey /du eɪ ˈsɜr·veɪ/: tiến hành cuộc điều tra- effect /ɪˈfɛkt/ (n): ảnh hưởng- electricity /ɪˌlekˈtrɪs·ət̬·i/ (n): điện- energy /ˈen·ər·dʒi/ (n): năng lượng- environment /ɪnˈvɑɪ·rən·mənt/ (n): môi trường- exchange /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/ (v): trao đổi- invite /ɪnˈvɑɪt/ (v): mời- natural /ˈnætʃ·ər·əl/ (adj): tự nhièn- pollute /pəˈlut/ (v): làm ô nhiễm- pollution /pəˈlu·ʃən/ (n): sự ô nhiễm- president /ˈprez·ɪ·dənt/ (n): chủ tịch- recycle /riˈsɑɪ·kəl/ (v): tái chế- recycling bin /ˌriːˈsaɪ.klɪŋ bɪn/ (n): thùng đựng đồ tái chế- reduce /rɪˈdus/ (v): giảm- refillable /ˌriːˈfɪl.ə.bəl/ (adj): có thể bơm, làm đầy lại- reuse /riˈjuz/ (v): tái sử dụng- sea level /ˈsi ˌlev·əl/ (n): mực nước biển- swap /swɑːp/ (v) trao đổi- wrap /ræp/ (v) gói, bọc        B. NGỮ PHÁP:A CONDITIONAL SENTENCE – TYPE 1 (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 1) Câu điều kiện dùng để nêu lên một giả thiết về một sự việc, mà sự việc đó chỉ có thể xảy ra khi điều kiện được nói đến xảy ra.Câu điều kiện gồm có hai phần (hai mệnh đề):Mệnh đề nêu lên điều kiện (còn gọi là mệnh đề IF) là mệnh đề phụ hay mệnh đề điều kiện. Mệnh đề nêu lên kết quả là mệnh đề chính.Khi mệnh đề chứa “if” đứng đầu thì giữa hai mệnh đề ngăn cách với nhau bằng dấu phẩy.Khi mệnh đề chứa “if” đứng sau mệnh đề chỉ kết quả thì KHÔNG sử dụng dấu phẩy để ngăn cách hai mệnh đề.           Ví dụ:      You will pass the exam if you work hard.  (Bạn sẽ vượt qua kỳ thi nếu bạn học tập chăm chỉ.)       If you work hard, you will pass the exam. (Nếu bạn học tập chăm chỉ, bạn sẽ vượt qua kỳ thi.) 1. Cấu trúc:   IF + S + V (hiện tại) , S + WILL + V (nguyên mẫu)            2. Cách dùng:Chỉ sự việc có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.Ví dụ:           If it is sunny, I will go fishing. (Nếu trời nắng, tôi sẽ đi câu)   If + Mênh đề 1 (thì hiện tại đơn giản), Mệnh đề 2 (may/can +V)  Để chỉ sự khả năng khách quanVí dụ:           It’s sunny. If we go out without a hat, We may get a headache       (Trời đang nắng. Nếu chúng tôi đi chơi mà không đội mũ, Chúng tôi có thể bị đau đầu)Chỉ sự cho phépVí dụ:           If you finish your test, You can go home. (Nếu bạn làm xong bài kiểm tra, bạn được phép ra về)     If + Mênh đề 1 (thì hiện tại đơn giản), Mệnh đề 2 (must + V)  Để chỉ yêu cầu, đề nghịVí dụ:  If you want to get good marks, You must do exercises       (Nếu bạn muốn được điểm cao, bạn phải làm bài tập) C. BÀI TẬP:❶. PHONETICSI. Choose the words whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others in each group1. A. brown                    B. now                  C. bowl                 D. how2. A. packet                   B. egg                   C. lettuce               D. lemon3. A. chest                       B. lunch                C. bench               D. schools4. A. lettuce                    B. tube                  C. music               D. student5. A. noodles                  B. shoulders          C. packets             D. tomatoes6. A. mind                      B. climb                C. exciting            D. destination7. A. sugar                      B. sorry                C. seaside              D. summer8. A. busy                       B. why                  C. history              D. family9. A. page                       B. village              C. luggage            D. heritage10. A. what                     B. which               C. where               D. who11. A. afternoon             B. can                   C. lack                  D. animal         12. A. paper                    B. way                  C. prepare             D. later         13. A. party                    B. glass                 C. plant                 D. plastic         14. A. happy                   B. match               C. package            D. save         15. A. swap                    B. vase                  C. watch               D. want         16. A. recycle                 B. environment     C. charity              D. invite17. A. paper                    B. bag                   C. plastic               D. natural18. A. cousin                  B. cycle                 C. encourage         D. container19. A. breathing              B. green                C. breeze               D. bread20. A. saved                    B. polluted            C. enjoyed            D. reused21. A. arrived                 B. helped              C. returned            D. remembered22. A. serious                 B. symptom          C. sure                  D. sauce23. A. lake                      B. cabbage            C. population        D. space24. A. hungry                 B. range                C. orange              D. change25. A. shoulder               B. mountain          C. housework       D. round26. A. prefer                   B. better                C. teacher              D. worker27. A. bear                      B. hear                  C. dear                  D. near28. A. collect                  B. concern            C. concert             D. combine29. A. stopped                B. laughed            C. walked             D. stayed30 A. them                      B. theory               C. through            D. thistle31. A. hire                      B. hope                 C. honour             D. health32. A. chemistry             B. study                C. primary            D. apply33. A. sky                       B. deny                 C. differently        D. cry34. A. city                       B. special              C. bicycle              D. center35. A. tables                    B. noses                C. boxes               D. changes36. A. son                       B. sugar                C. soup                 D. sing37. A. would                   B. where               C. well                  D. who38. A. stopped                B. washed             C. studied             D. looked39. A. machine               B. armchair           C. children            D. watch40. A. classes                  B. lakes                 C. cages                D. houses41. A. few                       B. new                  C. sew                   D. nephew42. A. closed                   B. practiced           C. asked                D. stopped43. A. gift                       B. mine                 C. arrive                D. tired44. A. family                  B. mechanic          C. animal              D. machine45. A. about                    B. south                C. count                D. young46. A. look                     B. school              C. loose                D. food47. A. nice                      B. bicycle              C. rides                 D. live48. A. mine                     B. history              C. exercise            D. library49. A. image                   B. travel                C. relax                 D. match50. A. clown                   B. down                C. own                  D. townII. Choose the word whose main stressed syllable is placed differently from that of the other in each group.1. A. reuse                     B. reduce             C. prepare            D. mention 2. A. rubbish                  B. angry               C. canal               D. nature 3. A. pollute                   B. effect               C. picture             D. unique 4. A. disappear                B. environment    C. recycle            D. pollution 5. A. charity                   B. expensive        C. creative           D. envelop 6. A. homework              B. breakfast          C. between            D. bookshelf7. A. engineer                 B. telephone          C. intersection       D. lemonade8. A. unload                    B. drugstore          C. museum           D. behind9. A. lettuce                    B. cabbage            C. carrot                D. routine10. A. banana                 B. buffalo             C. favorite             D. beautiful11. A. picnic                   B. reduce              C. plastic               D. water12. A. recycle                 B. natural              C. envelope           D. organise13. A. deforest                B. creative             C. encourage         D. president14. A. bottle                    B. paper                C. symbol             D. reuse15. A. material                B. reusable            C. decorate            D. connector ❷. MULTIPLE CHOICEI. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.1. If people ______ public transport, there will be less pollution.         A. use                   B. will use            C. can use             D. used2. ______we miss the last bus, we will have to walk home.         A. As                    B. When               C. If                      D. Unless3. People have ________this beach with a lot of trash.         A. spoiled             B. cleaned             C. collected           D. protected4. He got a ________ for packing on double yellow lines.         A. fee                    B. ticket                C. fine                   D. token5. By sticking labels over the address you can _______. envelopes.         A. recycle             B. reduce              C. reuse                D. return6. Because plastic bags are very hard to ________, they will cause pollution.         A. dissolve            B. wrap                 C. tear                             D. collect7. These materials can be _____ into other packaging products.         A. reused              B. reduced            C. removed           D. recycled8. If we _______waste paper, we will save a lot of trees.         A. repeat               B. recycle              C. rewrite              D. remake9. If we plant more trees in the schoolyard, the school will become a_____ place.         A. greener             B. darker               C. dirtier               D. more polluted10. “Why do you often forget to_______ the lights when you go out of the classroom?”         A. reduce              B. turn off             C. close                 D. shut down11. “What can we do ____ air pollution?”         A. reduce              B. to reduce          C. reducing           D. to reducing12. You can save money while shopping by only buying _______ you need.         A. what                 B. a                       C. this                   D. that13. Please collect all recyclable materials, and take them to the ______. factory.         A. recycle             B. recycled            C. recyclable         D. recycling14. This newspaper is made of _______paper.         A. recycle             B. recycled            C. old                    D. waste15. If we all use _______ bags, we’ll help the environment.         A. new                  B. cheap                C. reusable            D. reduced16. These three Rs _________ reduce, reuse and recycle.         A. stand up           B. stand for           C. ask for              D. means17. If there is a rubbish bin in every class, the classroom will become ______.         A. harmful            B. lighter               C. dirtier               D. cleaner18. “Don’t throw rubbish into the river because you will make it _________”         A. greener             B. dirty                 C. cleaner              D. fresher19. If we use ________ paper, we will save a lot of trees.         A. fewer                B. less                   C. more                 D. much20. I __________ you if you need my help.         A. am helping       B. could help        C. will help           D. helped21. If someone                 into the store, smile and say, “May I help you?”    A. comes              B. came                 C. will come         D. would come22. If you ______all of my questions, I______ anything to help you.    A. don’t answer / can’t do                  B. didn’t answer/ won’t do    C. wouldn’t answer/ can’t do              D. wouldn’t answer/ couldn’t do23. “Here’s my phone number.” - “Thanks, I_____ you a call if I _____some help.”    A. will give / will need                       B. would give/ needed    C. give/need                                        D. will give/ need24. The teacher was absent today, so the class was canceled. If she_____ absent again tomorrow, class _____tomorrow, too.    A. is / will cancel                                B. is/ will be canceled    C. was / would be canceled                 D. was/ would cancel25. I won’t lend you this money          you promise to pay it back.    A. in case              B. if                      C. otherwise          D. unless26. _____there are some more ideas, we can end the meeting now.    A. Unless              B. If                      C. As if                 D. In case27. “It’s really raining.”“Yes. If the weather______, we’ll have to camp somewhere else.    A. would get worse                             B. might get worse    C. gets worse                                      D. should get worse28. If anyone _______him I ______ back at 9 o’clock.    A. calls / tell / will be                         B. called / telling / would be    C. is calling / tells / am                       D. will call / to tell / am29. If she asks for money, I                 her.    A. will give           B. gave                 C. would give       D. would have given30. If I _______this exam, I’ll go to the university next summer.    A. pass                  B. to pass              C. had passed        D. passed31. ________more information, please telephone our main office.    A. If you will need                              B. Should you need    C. You should need                            D. If you needed32. If Jack refuses to help, we              manage without him.    A. have to                                           B. will have to    C. had to                                             D. are having to 33. I cannot buy a new computer_______ I save enough money.    A. if                      B. even if              C. unless               D. as if34. You will get a good seat if you      _____ first.    A. come                B. came                 C. have come        D. will come35. We’ll be late unless we       ____ now.    A. leave                B. don’t leave       C. had left             D. have left36. We can reuse _______        .    A. water                B. air                     C. noise                D. bottles37. What does “reduce” mean?    A. using something again                   B. using something more    C. using something less                      D. collect something38. What does “reuse” mean?    A. using something again                   B. using something more    C. using something less                      D. collect something39. We shouldn’t _____ rubbish on the street.    A. throw               B. reuse                C. wrap                 D. turn off40. Polluted water can make fish _____.    A. live                   B. sleep                 C. grow                D. die41. Soil pollution can lead to lack __________ food.    A. for                    B. in                      C. on                     D. of42. Almost 27,000 trees are cut __________ every day just to make toilet paper!    A. off                    B. down                C. up                     D. in43. The three Rs __________ reduce, reuse and recycle.    A. mean by           B. turn to              C. stand for           D. put up44 You shouldn’t throw those papers away; they’re __________    A. refillable           B. reducible          C. recyclable         D. repayable45. We should use reusable shopping bags __________ plastic bags.    A. instead of         B. because of        C. in spite of         D. place of46. Thousands of people donated money and food to those in __________.    A. length               B. need                 C. order                D. space47. __________ pollution can cause hearing loss.    A. Air                   B. Water               C. Noise                D. Soil48. Turn off the tap __________ you brush your teeth and washing your face.    A. when                B. if                      C. because            D. although49. If more people cycle, there will be __________ air pollution.    A. much                B. more                 C. less                   D. little50. Which of the following cannot be recycled?    A. Milk cartons     B. Glass bottles     C. Cans                 D. Plastic bags ❸. WORD FORMI. Give the correct form of the word given to complete the sentences. 1. She reused her old carton boxes _______some interesting toys. (MAKE) 2. People should try to find some         _______protecting methods to reduce current pollution. (ENVIRONMENT) 3. _____is one of the main reasons causing floods and soil pollution. (FOREST) 4.They encourage people to support ______products because they are friendly to the environment. (USE) 5. Police are investigating the ___________ of a young woman. (DISAPPEAR) 6. She tried her_____ to answer all the questions of the quiz show, so she deserved to be the winner. (GOOD) 7. PETRONAS Twin Towers is one of the most famous ____in Malaysia. (ARCHITECH) 8. Greenhouse gases trap _________ from the sun in the atmosphere. (HOT)  9. Doing exercise more often can help you keep______. (FITNESS) 10. You should bring ______ clothes for this cold weather. (SUIT) 11. Some people have hard _______ symptoms because they have lived in polluted atmosphere for a long time. (BREATH) 12. My son solved his own difficult problems very ______him very much.     , so 1 was so proud of. (INTELLIGENT) 13. He hopes to invent a modern_______         to reduce the amount of polluted gases. (ENGINEER) 14. The source of water in this river is very dirty because it contains a lot of_______. (POLUTE) 15. ______green products will make our environment clean and safe. (CREAT) 16. Please confirm your_______ date and time if you want to come with us. (ARRIVE) 17. The new that Mr Nam had inherited a million dollars make his friend _______ (EXCITE) 18. The polices are interested in the sudden ________of the valuable paintings (APPEAR) 19. My elder brother studies hard this year in order to pass the __________exam to the university. (ENTER) 20. They are very _____to survive a shipwreck (luck) (LUCK) ❹. VERB FORMSI. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.1. If I see him, I (give)             him a lift.2. The table will collapse if you (stand)                           on it.3. If he (eat)                            all, he will be full.4. If I find your passport, I (telephone)                            you at once.5. The police (arrest)                         him if they catch him.6. If he (read)                          in bad light, he will ruin his eyes.      7. Someone (steal)                                       your car if you leave it unlocked.8. What will happen if my parachute (not open)                                 ?9. If he (wash)                         my car, I’ll give him $10.10. If she (need)                        a radio, she c an borrow me.II. Complete the sentences with the verbs from the box in the correct form with "will".      be             do           drive           go           grow    listen          like         speak        wear          win In the year 2040…l.   people                       on Mars. 2.  we                            flying cars. 3.   people                       computers in their clothes.4.  robots                        all our homework.5.   families                     food in their homes. 6.   the world                             a clean and happy place. 7.  we                            every language in the world by using special computers. 8.  the USA                    the football World Cup. 9.   young people                       to strange music.10. some people                        to the Moon for their holidays. III. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.1. We ____________ (stay) at home if it rains.2. She will call you if she ____________ (have) time.3. If it _________ (not rain) tomorrow, we will go for a picnic.4. If everyone _______(recycle) paper, metal and glass, we _____ (not produce) so much rubbish.5. If you ________ (not water) plants, they ________ (die).6. If the weather __________ (be) bad, we ________ (not go) to the park.7. We _____ (save) thousands of trees if we _______ (not waste) so much paper.8. What _______ (happen) if we _______ (keep) polluting the environment.9. If we ________ (not stop) cutting down so many trees, we ______ (endanger) our oxygen supply.10. If people ________ (dump) chemicals into rivers, they _______ (not be) able to swim in them in the future.IV.    Complete the sentences with the correct form or tense of the verbs in brackets.1. If people share their cars to go to work, there ____ (not be) so many car fumes.2. I _______ (study) here for more than three years.3. What a nice dress! Where ________ (you/ buy) it?4. Don’t forget to take your umbrella. It _________ (rain).5. If we _____ (recycle) paper products, we _________ (save) more trees.6. Our class ______(organise) a writing contest. We have to write about the environment.7. Give old clothes to charity instead of ________ (throw) them away.8. Encouraging people ____ (use) public transport is a great way to reduce traffic jams. ❺. CORRECTION                         I. Find the mistake in the four underlined parts A, B, C or D of each sentence.1. If someone came into the store, smile and say, “May I help you?”    A                 B                           C                    D2. If you try these cosmetics, you look five years younger.    A      B                                     C                       D3. If you do not understand what were written in the book, you could ask Mr. Pike.    A                B                                C                                         D4. I will come to meet Mr. Pike and tell him about your problems if you didn’t solve them   A                                 B                           C              D    yourself.5. Sam will not graduate unless he doesn’t pass all the tests.               A                       B                C               D6. If there isn’t enough food, we couldn’t continue our journey.    A            B         C                            D7. Unless you pour oil on water, it will float.        A             B       C                   D8. You have to take a taxi home if you want to leave now.               A      B                     C             D9. If anyone will phone, tell them I’ll be back at 11:00.    A                  B            C            D10. We can hire a mini bus if there will be enough people.              A             B          C        D11. If we keep on using more and more cars, we are running out of oil. A                          B                             C                   D12. We should reuse and recycling bottles and cans to reduce garbage.                          A              B                   C                   D13. People collect the broken glass and sending it to the factories. A                B                      C                        D14. If there will be too much exhaust fume in the air, our breathing will be badly affected.        A                            B                                     C                    D15. Reusable bags are good because they make of natural materials.A                B              C          D16. Remember to turning off the light when you go out.                                              A      B                   C              D17. If she throws the rubbish onto the river, all fish will die.                                   A                B       C                                 D 18. We will save our world if we protected our environment.                                    A            B                    C         D19. We can save money if we reduce gas, electricity but water.                  A          B                            C                              D                        20. If she be late for her English class, the teacher will be angry.               A         B                 C                                    D II. Find and correct the mistakes in these sentences. Sentences Correction 1. The children played volleyball on the yard yesterday. 2. My apartment is on the two floor of the Spark building. 3. The new robot in his palace is able does many things.        4. She should reuses this bottle to contain water because it is still new and clean. reuse5. Electricity can be reduced if people turned off all the electric appliances in one hour.6. We should turn on all the lights and fans before we come out of the classroom.         7. If we turn off the lights when we are not using them, we will saved a lot of electricity.8. Recycling start when we put rubbish such as empty bottles and cans in the recycling basket    9. Have you ever make anything from your old things?       10. If I give you some money, will you buying some chocolate for me?                            ____________________________________________________________________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ __________________ _____________________________________  ❻. READINGI. Put a word/ phrase from the box in each gap to complete the following passage.    Wind, water, air, ice and heat all work to cause erosion. As the wind blows over the land, it often (1)_______ small grains of sand. When these grains of sand strike against solid rocks, the rocks are slowly worn away. In this way, (2) _______ very hard rocks are worn away by the wind. When particles of rocks or soil became loosened in any way, running water carries them down the (3) _______ Some rocks and soil particles are carried into streams and then into the sea. Land that is covered with trees, grass and other plants wears away very slowly, and so loses very (4) _______ of its soil. The roots of plants help to (5) _______ the rocks and soil in place. Water that falls on grasslands runs away more slowly than water that falls on bare ground. Thus, forests and grasslands (6) _______ to slow down erosion. Even where the land is (7) _______ covered with plants, some erosion goes on. In the spring, the melting snow turns into a large quantity of water that then runs downhill in streams. As a stream carries away some of the soil, the stream bed gets deeper and deeper. (8) _______ thousands of years of such erosion, wide valleys are often formed.·      New words: erosion(n):   sự xói mòn    grain (n): hạt     strick (v): va mạnh                      worn(v) mòn   bare (adj): trần trụiII. Read the passage then choose the correct answers.Green Cities    What makes a city green? It’s a huge challenge for cities to be earth-friendly. Not only do they have lots of people, buildings, traffic, trash, and air pollution, but they also consume more than half of the world’s energy.    Many cities in the world have taken up the challenge to be earth-friendly. Look at what some of these cities have done:    Reykjavik, Iceland, is run entirely on green energy. Its transit system uses hydrogen buses and most of its buildings use non-polluting energy sources like geothermal and hydroelectricity.    Malmo and Stockholm in Sweden are noted for their green spaces and parks and for successfully cleaning up their water and air.    Portland, Oregon, was one of the first American cities to focus on earth-friendly transit with light-rail and bike paths to encourage people to leave their cars at home.    Curitiba, Brazil, uses unique green methods for maintenance. Their grass parks are trimmed by sheep!    Vancouver, British Columbia, uses wind, solar, and water energy to generate power. Nearly all of the city is powered by clean hydroelectricity.1. In what country is Malmo?    A. Brazil               B. Spain                C. Sweden                 D. Iceland2. How much of the world’s energy is consumed by cities?    A. one quarter       B. one and a half   C. more than half       D. all3. Which city is run entirely on green energy?    A. Reykjavik        B. Seattle              C. Stockholm            D. Portland4. How are the buses powered in Reykjavik?    A. diesel fuel        B. hydrogen          C. unleaded gasoline D. geothermal5. How does the grass get cut in the parks of Curitiba?    A. They use push mowers.                  B. Children stomp on it.    C. People trim it off.                           D. Sheep graze on it.6. None of Vancouver is powered by hydroelectricity.    A. True                 B. False                 C. No information7. Portland, Oregon was one of the first US cities to focus on earth-friendly transit.    A. True                 B. False                 C. No informationII. Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the option A, B, C or D. Nowadays people are more aware that wildlife all over the world is in danger. Many species of animals are threatened., and could easily become extinct if we do not make an effort to protect them. There are many reason for this. In some cases, animals are hunted for their fur or for other valuable pasts of their bodies. Some birds, such as parrots, are caught alive, and sold as pets. For many animals and birds, the problem is that their habitat – the place where they live – is disappearing. More land is used for farms, for houses or industry, and there are fewer open spaces than there once were. Farmers use powerful chemicals to help them grow better crops, but these chemicals polluter the environment and harm the wildlife. The most successful animals on earth – human beings – will soon be the only ones left, unless we can solve this problem. 1. What does the word extinct in line 2 mean? A. dead                                                         B. no longer in existence C. not in a place because of illness               D. suffering from a mental or physical handicap 2. The word this in line 3 refers to         A. wildlife                                                   B. danger         C. the fact that people are more aware that wildlife is in danger         D. the fact that many species of animals could easily become extinct3. According to the passage, one of the reasons that people hunt animals is         A. They want their fur or other valuable parts of their bodies         B. they want to kill them                             C. they consider this a sport         D. they want to sell them as pets4. Which of the following is not true?         A. Human beings are the most successful animals on earth         B. If we can solve the problem, we will soon be the only ones left         C. Farmers use chemicals in order to grow better crops         D. Chemicals pollute the environment 5. What can be the best title of the passage?         A. Birds are in danger                                  B. the threat to the environment C. the most successful animals                     D. protect our earth                   ❼. WRITINGI. Rewrite these sentences, using an “if” construction.    Ex:   I will go there. I will buy you a dog.              →If I go there, I will buy you a dog.1. He smokes so much, perhaps that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough,@     2. She is very shy, that’s why she doesn’t enjoy parties.@ 3. I haven’t the right change so we can’t get tickets from the machine.@     4. They speak French to her, not English, so her English doesn’t improve.@     5. He doesn’t work overtime, so he doesn’t earn as much as I do.@     6. My number isn’t in the directory so people don’t ring me up.@     7. He is very thin perhaps that’s why he feels very cold.@     8. I’m fat; that’s why I can’t get through the bathroom’s window.@     9. He doesn’t help me, possible because I never ask him for help.@      .   I can’t drive so we can’t take the car.@     II. Make questions, for the underlined words or phrases.    Ex:   I am 13 years old?                    I am a student.              →How old are you?                 → What’s yourjob?/ What do you do?1. They sometimes go sailing in the fall.    @    2. The weather is cool and wet now in London.    @    3. The Great Wall of China is over 6.000 kilometers long.    @    4. She walks to school every day.    @    5. The man in the car is our new teacher.    @    6. We are having bread and milk for breakfast.    @    7. There are ten boys and nineteen girls in our class.    @    8. My brother gets up at a quarter to six.    @    III. Make the first conditional sentences, using the words and phrases given. 1. If/ we/ plant/ more trees/ neighbourhood/ greener. @ …………………………………………………………………………………..2.If/ we/ cycle/ school/ every day/ we/ keep/ air/ clean and fresh.@ …………………………………………………………………………………..3. If/ we/ keep/ hunt/ animals/ they/ disappear/ soon. @ …………………………………………………………………………………..4. If/ we/ cut down/ all/ trees/ there/ floods.@ …………………………………………………………………………………..5.If/ we/ use/ buses /we/ reduce/ pollution. @ …………………………………………………………………………………..IV.    Write conditional sentences from these statements.1. We will plant more trees. The air will be fresher.                     If _________________________________________________________ 2.We will use fewer cars. We will reduce pollution.    If _________________________________________________________ .3. We will cycle to school every day. We will keep fitter.   If _________________________________________________________ .4.We will use recycled products. We will save money.   If _________________________________________________________ .5.People will throw rubbish into the right bin. They will keep the environment clean.   If _________________________________________________________ .6.We will turn off the tap when brushing the teeth. We will save a lot of water.   If _________________________________________________________ .7.People will travel more by public transport. The harmful gases in big cities will be reduced.   If _________________________________________________________ .8.We will start at 6.00. We will arrive there before noon.   If _________________________________________________________ .9.The boy eats so may green apples. He will be ill.   If _________________________________________________________ .10.We will use reusable bags for shopping. We will reduce waste.  If ___________________________________________________________________===================================================ANSWER KEYS❶. PHONETICSI. Choose the words whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others in each group. 1. C 11.A 21.B 31.C 41.C 2. A 12.C 22.C 32.D 42.A 3. D 13.D 23.B 33.C 43.A 4. A 14.D 24.A 34.B 44.D 5. C 15.B 25.A 35.A 45.D 6. D 16.C 26.A 36.B 46.A 7. A 17.A 27.A 37.D 47.D 8. B 18.B 28.C 38.C 48.B 9. A 19.D 29.D 39.A 49.A 10. D 20.B 30.A 40.B 50.C II. Choose the word whose main stressed syllable is placed differently from that of the other in each group. 1.D 4.A 7.B 10.A 13.D 2.C 5.D 8.B 11.A 14.D 3.B 6.C 9.D 12.A 15.D  ❷. MULTIPLE CHOICEI. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences 1.A 11.B 21.A 31.D 41.D 2.C 12.A 22.A 32.A 42.B 3.A 13.D 23.B 33.C 43.C 4.C 14.B 24.D 34.A 44.C 5.C 15.C 25.B 35.D 45.A 6.A 16.B 26.A 36.B 46.B 7.D 17.D 27.C 37.A 47.C 8.B 18.B 28.B 38.A 48.A 9.A 19.B 29.C 39.A 49.C 10.B 20.C 30.B 40.C 50.D       ❸. WORD FORMI. Give the correct form of the word in brackets to complete the following sentences 1. to make 6. best 11. breathing 16. arrival 2. environmental 7. architectures 12.intelligently 17. excited 3. deforestation 8. heat 13.engine 18.appearance 4. reusable 9. fit 14. pollutants 19.entrance 5. disappearance 10. suitable 15.creating 20.lucky  ❹. VERB FORMI. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses. 1. will give 2. stand 3. eats 4. will telephone 5. will arrest 6. reads 7. will steal 8. doesn’t open 9. washes 10. needs II. Complete the sentences with the verbs from the box in the correct form with "will". 1. will live 2. will drive 3. will wear 4. will do 5. will grow 6. will be 7. will speak 8. will win 9. will listen 10. will go III. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. 1. will stay 6. is - won’t go 2. has 7. will save - don’t waste 3. doesn’t rain 8. will happen – keep 4. recycles - won’t produce 9. don’t stop - will endanger 5. don’t water - will die     10. dump - won’t be IV. Complete the sentences with the correct form or tense of the verbs in brackets. 1. won’t be 2. have studied 3. did you buy 4. is raining 5. recycle - will save 6. is organising 7. throwing 8. to use  ❺. CORRECTION                         I. Find the mistake in the four underlined parts A, B, C or D of each sentence.              1.B 6.D 11.C 16.A 2.C 7.A 12.B 17.C 3.D 8.A 13.C 18.C 4.D 9.B 14.A 19.D 5.C 10.D 15.C 20.A   II. Find and correct the mistakes in these sentences. 1. on → in 6. on→ off 2. two → second 7.saved → save 3. does→ to do 8. start → starts                       4. reuses →reuse 9. make → made 5. turned off→ turn off 10 buying→ buy  ❻. READINGI. Put a word/ phrase from the box in each gap to complete the following passage 1. pick up 2. even 3. hillsides 4. little 5. hold 6. help 7. thicky 8. After II. Read the passage then choose the correct answers. 1.C 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.D 6.B 7.A III. Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the option A, B, C or D. 1.B 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.B  ❼. WRITINGI. Rewrite these sentences, using an “if” construction.    1.If he doesn’t smoke so much, he can get rid of his cough.    2.If she isn’t very shy, she will enjoy parties.    3.If I have the right change, we can get tickets from the machine.    4.If they speak English to her, her English will improve.    5.If he works overtime, he will earn as much as I do.    6.If my number is in the directory, people will ring me up.    7.If he isn’t very thin, he won’t feel very cold.    8.If I’m not fat, I can get through the bathroom’s window.    9.If I ask him for help, he will help me.    10.If I can drive, we can take the car.II. Make questions, for the underlined words or phrases.    1.What do they sometimes do in the fall?    2.What is the weather like now in London?    3.How long is the Great Wall of China?    4.How does she go to school every day?    5.Who is the man in the car?    6.What are you having for breakfast?    7.How many boys and girls are there in your class?    8.What time does your brother get up? III. Make the first conditional sentences, using the words and phrases given. 1. If we plant more trees, our neighbourhood will be greener.2. If we cycle to school every day, we will keep the air clean and fresh.3. If we keep hunting animals, they will disappear soon.4. If we cut down all the trees, there will be floods.5. If we use buses, we will reduce pollution.IV.    Write conditional sentences from these statements.1. If we will plant more trees, he air will be fresher.             2. If we use fewer cars, we will reduce pollution.3. If we cycle to school every day, we will keep fitter.4. If we use recycled products, we will save money.5. If people throw rubbish into the right bin, they will keep the environment clean.6. If we turn off the tap when brushing the teeth, we will save a lot of water.7. If we travel more by public transport, the harmful gases in big cities will be reduced.8. If we start at 6.00, we will arrive there before noon.9. If the boy eats so may green apples, he will be ill.10. If we use reusable bags for shopping, we will reduce waste. ===================================================