Câu bị động không ngôi

PDạng 6: Với động từ tường thuật hoặc bày tỏ ý kiến : Say, claim, report, show, think, believe, consider, expect, feel, hope, know, prove, understand…..

Dạng chủ động:        S + say/ believe/ know….. + (that) + S + V

                                       (mệnh đề tường thuật)                                  (mệnh đề chính)

Khi gặp dạng bài này chúng ta có 2 cách chuyển sang bị động như sau:

Cách 1 : S + is / was + said/ believed/ known + that + Mệnh đề chính

EX:  People believe that the weather is changing dramatically.

It is believed that the weather is changing dramatically.

 Cách 2 : Xảy ra 3 trường hợp :

Trường hợp 1: Động từ ở mệnh đề chính cùng thì với động từ ở mệnh đề tường thuật : chúng ta dùng “to V1” .

EX: They said that he served in the army.

           He was said to serve in the army.

Trường hợp 2 : Động từ ở mệnh đề chính không cùng thì với động từ ở mệnh đề tường thuật, chúng ta dùng “to have + V3/ed” cụ thể các thì như sau:

ĐỘNG TỪ Ở MỆNH ĐỀ TƯỜNG THUẬT             ĐỘNG TỪ Ở MỆNH ĐỀ CHÍNH

         Hiện tại                                                                           Hiện tại hoàn thành

         Hiện tại                                                                           Quá khứ

         Quá khứ                                                                         Quá khứ hoàn thành    

EX: People say that he served in the army.

           He is said to have served in the army.

Trường hợp 3 : Động từ ở mệnh đề chính dùng thì tiếp diễn, chúng ta chuyển sang bị động dùng “to be + Ving”.

EX: People say that he is living in Ha Noi

           He is said to be living in Ha Noi.

+ (j) 2 objects :

- They gave me   a present yesterday.

à I was given a present yesterday(by them).

à A present was given to me yesterday(by them).

                        (Neáu sau BY laø them / people / someone / somebody…ta coù theå boû ñi)

A) Read each sentence. Then make two new sentences in the PASSIVE:

1. People say Tom Cruise is the richest movie star.
   1. It is said that Tom Cruise is the richest movie star.
   2. Tom Cruise is said to be the richest movie star.
2. Everybody thinks that Hakan is a good football player.
   1. It ………………………………………………………………………. .
   2. Hakan …………………………………………………………………. .
3. They say that his books are still popular.
   1. It ………………………………………………………………………… .
   2. His books ……………………………………………………………….. .
4. They report that at least 10.000 dolphins are caught in the nets of tuna fishers every year.
   1. It …………………………………………………………………………. .
   2. At least 10.000 dolphins …………………………………………………. .
5. They estimate that 1500 square kilometers of rainforests is cut every year.
   1. It …………………………………………………………………………… .
   2. 1500 square kilometers of rainforests ……………………………………… .
6. We knew that pencil lead is made from graphite, clay, water and wax.
   1. It …………………………………………………………………………….. .
   2. Pencil lead …………………………………………………………………... .
7. They reported that the railway line was buried under tons of rock and earth.
   1. It ……………………………………………………………………………… .
   2. The railway line ……………………………………………………………… .
8. People don’t think that inflation will go down.
   1. It ……………………………………………………………………………….. .
   2. Inflation ……………………………………………………………………
9. People expect that the third bridge will be built over the Bosphorus Strait.
   1. It …………………………………………………………………………
   2. The third bridge ……………………………………………………………
10. People believe that he is living abroad.
    1. It ……………………………………………………………………………
    2. He …………………………………………………………………………

B)  Read each sentence. Then make two new sentences in the PASSIVE:

1. People expect that taxes will be reduced soon. 
   1. It …………………………………………………………… .
   2. Taxes ………………………………………………………. .
2. People say that the monument is over 2000 years old.
   1. It ………………………………………………………………… .
   2. The monument ………………………………………………….. .
3. People expect that the president will resign.
   1. It …………………………………………………………………. .
   2. The president ……………………………………………………. .
4. People think the fire started at about 8 o’clock.
   1. It …………………………………………………………………. .
   2. The fire …………………………………………………………… .
5. Journalists reported that seven people had been injured in the fire.
   1. It …………………………………………………………………. .
   2. Seven people …………………………………………………….. 
6. People say the bridge is unsafe.
   1. It ………………………………………………………………….. .
   2. The bridge ………………………………………………………… .

C)  REPORT these rumours:

1. People say that the actress Tania Revesky has refused a part in the film Volcano.
   1. It is said …………………………………………………………………
   2. The actress Tania Revesky …………………………………………………
2. Her friends have reported that the newsreader Ann Slater is furious at losing her job.
   1. It …………………………………………………………………………
   2. The newsreader Ann Slater ……………………………………………
3. Lots of people believe that The Prime Minister and his wife are getting divorced.
   1. It …………………………………………………………………………
   2. The Prime Minister and his wife …………………………………………
4. Journalists have said that The footballer Gary Johnson earns $ 1 million a year.
   1. It …………………………………………………………………………. .
   2. The footballer Gary Johnson …………………………………………

D) Read the following sentences and write another one with the same meaning:

1. It is believed that the wanted man is living in New York.

…………………………………………………………………………………

1. It is said that many people are homeless after the floods.

…………………………………………………………………………………

1. It is expected that the government will lose this election.

…………………………………………………………………………………

1. It is known that the Prime Minister is in favour of the new law.

…………………………………………………………………………………

1. It is believed that the thieves got in through the kitchen window.

…………………………………………………………………………………

1. It is thought that the prisoner  escaped by climbing over the wall.

…………………………………………………………………………………

1. It is claimed that he drove through the town at 90 miles an hour.

…………………………………………………………………………………

1. It is reported that two people were seriously injured in the accident.

…………………………………………………………………………………